Showing posts with label types of diabetes. Show all posts
Showing posts with label types of diabetes. Show all posts

Type 1 diabetes, type 2.. Non-secreting pancreatic secretion of insulin or a small amount is sufficient. Start cells in insulin resistance

Type 1 diabetes, type 2

Type I

in the case of non-pancreatic secretion of insulin or secretion of a small amount is sufficient.This type of diabetes occurs in about 5 to 10% of patients. 

Type II

It is most prevalent among diabetics, and affects approximately 90 to 95% of patients with diabetes over the age of twenty. This type of diabetes was called in the past, the kind that affects adults (and that these patients do not use insulin mostly). But now change this concept because there are less than 20 people infected with this type, (and also because some of these patients were in the need to use insulin). This type of sugar when the pancreas secretes an insufficient amount of insulin, or when the cells start in insulin resistance.

 Diabetes, either type I or II is not significant. Glucose to accumulate in the body leads to the occurrence of significant damage to many of the key organs in the body. 

There is still no definitive treatment for diabetics. But we can say that proper nutrition, maintain moderate body weight and physical exercise helps to not getting sick. 

And if you have already, a good diet and sports with drug therapy, which works to control blood sugar, helping to sustain life in a healthy and sound.

Gestational Diabetes.. Opposes a hormone that is secreted by the placenta with the effect of insulin in the body

This type appears when some pregnant - and often be in the second or third stage of pregnancy (pregnancy right). This type affects pregnant women by 2 to 5%, which occurs when incompatible hormone that is secreted by the placenta with the effect of insulin in the body. 
Gestational diabetes disappears once the baby is born. But about half of women who are subjected to gestational diabetes, gestational diabetes Type II after that. In rare cases become Mrs. first type of diabetes during pregnancy, leading to high blood sugar after birth and this requires insulin therapy. * There are rare cases by 1 to 2% of diabetics, the infection is a result of some disease or some treatments that interfere with the effect of insulin and also infections resulting from eradication of the pancreas surgically, an imbalance in the adrenaline gland, and some drugs that treat cholesterol.

Diabetes secondary (Secondary).. Chronic inflammation of the pancreas. Adrenal tumors. Some endocrine diseases

Occurs due to the presence of illness affecting the insulin-secreting cells in the pancreas and the most important of these ills:
- Chronic inflammation of the pancreas.
- Adrenal tumors (Pheochromocytoma ).
- Eradication of the pancreas in the case of the appearance of cancerous tumors, for example.
- Some endocrine diseases: disease gigantism (acromegaly ) Due to increased production of growth hormone, and excessive secretion of thyroid (Hyperthyroidism ) Also occurs in cases of thyrotoxicosis, Cushing's syndrome and Cushing's Syndrome Which lead to increased rates of cortisone.
- As a result of taking certain medications such as thyroid hormone Thyroid hormone And cortisone.

Type II diabetes in children and young people.. Manifestations of Type II diabetes in children

In recent years, discovered cases of Type II diabetes in children and adolescents. It may be difficult to distinguish between type I and type II in this age.
Manifestations of Type II diabetes in children:
1 - obesity.
2 - the dark color of the skin in some places, such as the neck acanthosis nigricans
3 - a family member infected with type II diabetes.
4 - the lack of ketone bodies in the urine when the discovery of sugar no ketonuria . 
5 - a low level of blood substance Adabounktin in low adiponectin It triggers insulin.
- notable important here is that the way insulin treatment is safe as long as it has not been confirmed definitively that diabetes in children is the second type.

Bronze diabetes Bronzed diabetes.. Increase the level of iron in the blood as a result of a hereditary disease or as a result of disease breakdown of red blood cells

Increasing the level of iron in the blood as a result of a hereditary disease or as a result of disease breakdown of red blood cells leads to know Babbag disease bloody Hemochromatosis . And deposited iron in many organs such as the pancreas (leads to diabetes), in the skin Victsp skin tan, and liver (which leads to inflation liver cirrhosis it) at the core, which leads to inflation heart and possibly heart failure, and in the testes (leads to infertility and impotence in men).

The fundamental differences between Type I and II of sugar

Properties
The first type
Type II
Age
Usually before the age of thirty
Usually after the age of forty
The emergence of symptoms
Suddenly
Gradually
Physical condition
Patient is usually thin or only weight
Usually Smona
Medical symptoms
Usually extreme thirst, and an intense desire to eat, and frequent urination, and weight loss
Often without symptoms
Alkithonip acids
Often found
Usually do not appear
Insulin within the body
No
Exists, but the body is unable to take advantage of it
Morbidity in fat
Increase cholesterol and Turaagelesraad in blood
Increase cholesterol and Turaagelesraad in blood
Insulin therapy
Required
Required only in about
20-30% of patients
Sugar-lowering drugs
Should not be used
Used medically
Diet
Required with insulin
Required with or without drugs

Diabetes in children and adults.. A decrease in the effectiveness of the immune system

Until recently, it was diabetes, which usually affects children is of the first type (approximately a decrease in the effectiveness of the immune system). Unfortunately, the estimate at the present time indicate that the rate of 8% to 45% of new cases of sugar in children usually is of the second type. (Large differences in the estimates due to difficulties in detecting the disease in children) (Rosenbloom, 2001) . There is no doubt that it gives an indication that diabetes is increasing at all peoples.

Who gets the second type of sugar? Qui reçoit le deuxième type de sucre?

Estimated number of people with type II diabetes in the United States, including at least 16 million people and unfortunately the number is increasing. An American study has shown worked in 2000 that the incidence of type II diabetes has increased by a third between 1990-1998 and was the largest increase (70%) among young people   At the age of thirty years. Affects of type II diabetes usually people after the age of forty. In the year 1999 only increased incidence rate of total 6% with a 10% increase in African-Americans. The main reason for the dramatic increase in obesity (Defronzo, 1997).

Causes of Type II diabetes.. Obesity. Family history. Different strains or races. Low birth weight

Obesity:
I have worked in the study showed in 2001 to nearly 85,000 nurses, that obesity was the main reason the first to risk of type II diabetes. A recent study also showed that the weight loss equivalent to only 5% may be sufficient to prevent diabetes type II when obese people who suffer from impaired glucose tolerance.It is estimated that 80% to 95% of the current increase in diabetes type II is due to obesity and increased fat in the abdominal area. As an increase in fat may play an important role in insulin resistance, but also a way body fat distribution is also important.
Increased weight around the abdomen and the upper part of the body (apple shape ( His relationship with insulin resistance and the occurrence of diabetes, heart disease, increased blood pressure, stroke, and increased rates of unhealthy cholesterol. While fat in the form of pear (Pear -   shape) Around the hips may not be related to the above-mentioned diseases. The study suggested that if your waist   Larger than 35 inches (89 cm) in women and 40 inches (102 cm) in men, it may lead to increased risk of heart disease and diabetes   (Defronzo, 1997). 
It must be noted here that obesity alone may not explain all cases of type II diabetes, which also spread in people from other countries known low weight, such as Asia and India.
Why is the shape of the apple In the middle of the abdomen is healthy?
Vary the proportion of the risk of type II diabetes according to where stored fat from the body. If fat is concentrated in the center of the abdomen (apple shape), the risk of type II diabetes than if they were obese at the level of the hips.
The explanation is that the fat cells in the center of the abdomen release of fat in the blood faster than the cells in different parts of the body. For example, the fat begins to take off from the abdomen after three to four hours from the last meal large compared to the hours necessary for its launch of fat cells in different parts of the body. And is the ease and speed of release of fat from the abdominal area to provide the necessary energy for the body and to enable rapid human escape when danger or fear. But with the changing lifestyle, building fat in the abdominal area resulting increase in Turaagelesraad rates and free fatty acids. And increased fat one of the main factors that cause insulin resistance.
The shape of the apple filled with fat in the middle of the abdomen almost in patients with type II diabetes has sometimes occurs in adult patients with type I diabetes.
And increase the risk of heart disease equivalent to two and a half times in males with diabetes and have the form of an apple in the center of the abdomen and high-risk equivalent to eight times in women with diabetes and have the form of an apple in the center of the abdomen. To prevent the fat to accumulate in the center of the abdomen, it should reduce the factors that lead to it, which include:
* Alcoholic beverages
* Smoking
* Daily pressures
* Lack of sport
* Increase in weight
* Eat less than three meals a day
* High-fat foods or sugars
Do you have a form of an apple?
To see if you have the form of an apple in the center of the abdomen it is necessary to measure the waist up one inch (2.5 cm) above the navel. After that hip is measured when the show logic of it. The arithmetic is dividing waist measurement output on the output measure around your hips.
If the quotient is greater than 0.8 for females or higher than 1.0 for males, this indicates an unhealthy accumulation of fat in the middle of the abdomen.
If the patient has a form of an apple in the center of the abdomen, it can do the following to improve sensitivity to insulin and thus prevent health problems:
* Eating foods contain calories and little fat.
* Eating small quantities at each meal.
* Eating small amounts of food frequently.
* To maintain a normal level of sugar before breakfast and two hours after eating.
* Avoid alcohol and smoking.
* Maintain sport on an ongoing basis.
* Reduce daily pressures as much as possible.
Family history:
About 25% to 33% of patients with type II diabetes have family members in those infected with the disease. The study showed that people who have a family history of diabetes are more at risk of diabetes have at an early age and symptoms are severe. When a diabetes type I and II in the same family, the factor of genetics have a very large role in the disease. Interestingly, the study showed that patients with type II diabetes and have relatives had type I and II of sugar tend to need insulin therapy but also the lowest risk of heart disease patients who have a family history injury the second type of sugar only.
Different strains or races:
Risk of type II diabetes, as well as the severity of the complications of diabetes, varies between different strains of human beings. It may be of heredity, and economic factors, and an important role in the social difference between strains in humans.
- An American study has shown that men of African Americans more susceptible to the second type of sugar equivalent to one and a half times, and American women of African descent are more prone to risk equivalent to twice, compared to white Americans out. This may be attributed to increased rates of high blood pressure and smoking, as well as the lack of medical care among blacks. Genetics may play also an important role in it. For example, some research has shown that African-Americans have a defect in insulin secretion has nothing to do with nutrition or other factors.
- It has been found that the incidence of diabetes of the second type with larger Native American equivalent to 19 times the incidence among whites, as well as the incidence of type II diabetes in Hispanic Americans greater than that found among whites equivalent to weakness.
Low birth weight:
Research has shown that low birth weight is a risk factor for incidence of type II diabetes. They explained the reason for this to malnutrition in pregnant women, which may lead to an imbalance in the metabolic processes in young children  And the possibility of diabetes.

Type II diabetes.. Not total dependence on insulin and respond to the sugar-lowering tablets

Diabetes called "2" and sugar-old was called, which does not depend on insulin (NIDDM) . And intended to diabetics who do not rely on insulin treatment. He was also called "Big Sugar" because it usually begins after the age of forty. The symptoms of this disease appear gradually and the likelihood of diabetic coma and complications less than the first type. And are often the discovery of this type of sugar by chance when routine medical tests. In this type pancreas secretes the amount of insulin but may be inadequate or that there is resistance from the body's tissues and cells impede the function due to lack of insulin  Insulin receptor or the presence of antibodies to these receptors inhibit insulin and rivalry accessible leading to high blood sugar level.
In these patients genetics and obesity play an important role in the occurrence of disease, most patients are characterized by obesity, especially people who are overweight around the middle of the abdomen (apple shape Apple-shape ) Those more susceptible to type II diabetes, Obesity straining the pancreas. It is clear the role of obesity in diabetes type II in Note lower incidence of diabetes during the Second World War because of famine and lack of food, while rebounded after the war because of the abundance of food. This does not mean, of course, that every human being fat will inevitably get diabetes, but there is a strong relationship between obesity and diabetes type II.
And often enough food for the organization by reducing consumption of sugary materials, and weight loss, and sports for the treatment of this type of sugar, where insulin level back to normal rate after weight reduction   Tumilehto et al., 2001) ).
Person may be infected with type II diabetes for several years before diagnosis unnoticed by the patient because the symptoms are usually mild at first. But serious complications can occur due to not notice the incidence of this type of sugar after several years, which include kidney failure, and cardiovascular disease (including coronary vascular disease).
This type represents the majority (90%) of diabetics which unlike the first type has nothing to do the body's immune system does not depend on insulin. The patient with this type of sugar responds mostly to sugar-lowering tablets
2000; Rosenbloom et al. 2001) American Diabetes Association,)

The first type of diabetes.. Young sugar. Damage to the beta cells in the pancreas. Use insulin prolongs the patient's age and the emergence of secondary complications of sugar

Diabetes called the number "1" In the past it was called this type insulin-dependent diabetes ( (IDDM .The intended   Diabetics who rely on insulin treatment. This type also called "sugar young Juvenile diabetes "Because it usually show symptoms at the age of fifteen, but this label canceled because I kind of sugar affects young and old alike. This type most often occurs in children and adults less than thirty years and peak start first pattern between the ages of 11 and 13 years old, but he could start in the any age group, including aging.
And most patients with type I diabetes usually are healthy and normal weight when the disease occurs.And characterized by a lack or severe insulin deficiency
Due to damage most of the beta cells in the pancreas, leading to high blood sugar levels and this, this kind does not respond to treatment sugar-lowering disk to no avail only insulin injections    . (Atkinson and Eisenbarth, 2001) and the symptoms of the disease may occur suddenly with a thirst and urination many and the openness of appetite and loss of weight are within several days and increase his likelihood of complications Khmoudh blood Alkithonip (Ketoacidosis) and diabetic coma . (Diabetic coma) 
  Before the discovery of insulin, the average life of the people who are diagnosed with type I diabetes within just two years. The latest development and use of insulin therapy great revolution in the treatment of diabetes and to convert from a disease that kills quickly to chronic disease. Unfortunately led extend the life of the patient with the presence of the disease to the emergence of secondary complications which include sugar, neuropathy, kidney failure, retinopathy, and circulatory diseases and heart that occur within 10-20 years from the beginning of the discovery of the disease.

Causes of Type I diabetes.. A decrease in the effectiveness of the body's immune system. Genetic factors. Viruses. Different races or strains

A decrease in the effectiveness of the body's immune system
The main reason for a first type of sugar to the lack of efficiency of the body's immune system   And accompanied by the appearance of antibodies (Antibodies ) Attack proteins insulin and cells Langer Hans and cause damage to the beta cells in the pancreas that secrete insulin. Does not know the real reason for how to begin to influence the body's immune system, but studies suggest that genetic predisposition and infection with certain viruses may   Be causing the lack of efficiency of the body's immune system.
Genetic factors
Diabetes, which affects the very young and needs to insulin in the treatment may not be due to genetics.Statistics have shown that worked during the last thirty years, a significant increase in the incidence of type I diabetes in some European countries and the United States of America. Had Genetic factors are the sole cause of the first type of sugar, the increase in the number of cases will take at least 400 years.
Virus
Researchers believe that the incidence of certain viruses such as those that cause rubella   ,   And mumps(mumps ), And other viruses of the genus "Cox Sacchi Coxsackie ", Especially in people who have a genetic predisposition, may be a cause of type I diabetes.
These viruses violently attacking the beta cells in the pancreas to secrete insulin and destroy. The structure of these viruses similar structure of proteins in beta cells in the pancreas and works to deceive the immune system (the people who have their immune systems gallery and genetically) calculated the immune system error that beta cells are virus particles and the formation of antibodies to address to beta cells, rather than addressing virus and thus destroys the beta cells by antibodies directed the wrong direction due to viruses. The attack viruses and destroying beta cells directly and lead to rapid insulin deficiency, or lead to the gradual loss of beta cell function and diabetes occurs after several years of virus infection.
This type accounts for only 5-10% of diabetics.
Different races or strains
There are significant differences between the people in the incidence of type I diabetes. It is more common in people of northern Europe and some parts of the Mediterranean (such as Sardinia), and less common among Asians and African-Americans. In America, it was found that blacks with type I diabetes more likely to die of the equivalent of 50% of white people, and it may be reason for this low medical care among blacks   (Rennert et al., 1999).

Who gets the first type of sugar? Qui reçoit le premier type de sucre?

Estimated number of people living with type I diabetes in the United States alone, one million people, with the discovery of nearly thirty thousand cases per year. This type is less common than Type II diabetes, where the only 5-10% of cases of diabetes as previously mentioned. However, such as diabetes type II, the incidence of type I diabetes has increased over the past years, especially in the United States and some European countries (Finland and the UK).

Factors that cause serious injury type I diabetes in children

The first type as we usually appears between the stage birth until the age of thirty. It affects young males and females are equally likely.
Studies have shown the presence of a number of risk factors that cause a first type of sugar in children:
- Child's illness at an early age.
- Not breastfeeding from the mother's breast and drinking cow's milk in infants.
- Aging mother.
- The mother is the first type of sugar.
- The mother of high blood pressure during pregnancy.
- Been linked to obesity in children the possibility of infection by a large type II diabetes at an advanced age. Some studies have shown also a close relationship between the increase in birth weight and obesity during childhood as a major cause of disease, type I diabetes. The main factor for this is the increased weight. This, at least theoretically could strain the beta cells in the pancreas which makes it more susceptible to damage and the occurrence of the first type of sugar, especially among children who have a genetic predisposition to the disease.
Although most cases of diabetes in children is of the first type, but the estimate at the present time indicate that the rate of 8% and 45% of the newly discovered cases of sugar in children is of the second type, which may be the main cause of obesity in children .
Cow's milk
The study showed that children who are fed by drinking cow's milk during the first eight days of birth more susceptible to the first type of sugar equivalent to one and a half times compared with those who rely on breastfeeding from mother's milk. It may be the reason that contain milk components may help regulate the immune system and thus prevent diabetes in those children.
Studies have shown that children who are diagnosed with type I diabetes newly They often have high rates of antibodies to a particular type of protein found in cow's milk, and is known as the "cow's milk whey protein BSA . "Which is similar to a protein in beta cells.
As the infant stomach can not digest foods including proteins well, the large proteins Undigested pass through the intestinal walls into the blood. The body such proteins, including BSA , Exotic materials who shall secrete antibodies to attack it. May get an error in identifying the beta cells whereupon those antibodies to attack because they resemble protein BSA And destroy. On the whole there are studies currently working to verify a fact relationship between cow's milk and diabetes of the first type.

Types of diabetes.. The first type. The second type. Gestational Diabetes

A - Type I: Often affects young in age less than 25 years old, but can appear in adults too 0 This type requires daily insulin injections . And the patient needs to insulin as needed for breathing Hua . Produces this kind of destruction of a large part of the beta cells that secrete insulin the pancreas 0 and this type is less than 10% of the total diabetic patients.
With - Type II : It that appears in adults in most cases ., But may appear in young sometimes . This kind 90% of patients with diabetes . Treatment either by reduced grain diabetes or insulin . And this patient if needed insulin it needs to control high blood sugar, but do not need to live as in type I.
C - Gestational Diabetes : And discovers for the first time during pregnancy . Patient is diagnosed by giving oral glucose and then measuring the level of sugar in the blood . And here advised of the need to work sugar analysis for any pregnant woman in the period from the twenty-fourth week to the twenty-eighth of pregnancy .
The gestational diabetes disappears after birth, and maybe back again in another pregnancy, and may continue thereafter for life . Therefore woman, who has a history of injury gestational diabetes should be conducted periodic tests to make sure there is no sugar j.

Diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus).. diabetes approved in insulin-treated and non-insulin-dependent

Is a disease characterized by high blood glucose levels and its presence in urine and multiple times frequent urination, hunger and thirst a lot, and as previously mentioned, one of the most important reasons for diabetes is the lack of the ratio between the hormone insulin and anti-insulin hormones.
There are two types of diabetes:
And abbreviated (IDDM):
Also called the first type of diabetes (TypeΙ) And usually occurs in the pre-30 - 40 years old, and diabetic of this kind is usually thin and blood insulin level is almost non-existent, and addresses only insulin injections, so-called (IDDM ), And this type can be genetically.
And abbreviated (NIDDM ):
The so-called type II diabetes (TypeП), Which Abasht of the first type, and usually occurs after the age of forty, and is characterized by a patient of this type of obesity, and there has insulin but does not produce a sufficient quantity of the pancreas not utilized because there is a shortage of insulin receptors in the tissue, and also there is resistance to insulin.
And usually handles disk reduced sugar in the blood, which helps insulin secretion on the pancreas.
And characterized by diabetes disorder in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fat and protein and loss of equilibrium between the water and salts, which affects the long-term (several years) on most of the members of the body, especially the nervous system, kidneys and eyes.

Secondary species for diabetes.. Hereditary. Crash pancreas. Endocrinology. As a result of taking drugs. Result of viral infections

1 - hereditary, as a result of a defect in the dye leads to genetic deficiency in the formation and secretion of insulin. 
2 - any disease destroys the pancreas.
3 - endocrine diseases such as Cushing's syndrome Cushing's Syndrome , Excessive secretion of thyroid Hyperthyroidism And acromegaly (parties) Acromegaly. 
4 - as a result of taking drugs such as thyroid hormone Thyroid Hormone And nicotinic acid Nicotinic Acid And steroids Steroids.
5 - As a result of viral infections that affect the pancreas, such as inflammation of the virus Saitomegalo Cytomegalo Virus And measles congenital Congenital Rubella (Any child born infected with measles from the mother during pregnancy).

Types of diabetes.. Type I and II. Diabetes during pregnancy. Failed to carry glucose (sugar)

1 - Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus:
And featuring destroy the beta cells in the pancreas that secrete insulin (loss completely insulin in the blood) by auto-antibodies Auto-Antibodies In a patient's blood, and a person needs from the start of insulin to live and is at risk of Keto Acidosis.
2 - Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus:
Characterized by the presence of insulin resistance by tissues do not respond to him.
Cofactors on the emergence of this kind:
** Obesity 85% of cases.
** A family history of diabetes in first-degree relatives 74-100% of cases.
** More females than males.
** Puberty.
3 - diabetes during pregnancy Gestational Diabetes Mellitus .
4 - failed to carry glucose (sugar) Impaired Glucose Tolerance .
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)