Showing posts with label Agricultural fertilizers. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Agricultural fertilizers. Show all posts

Definition of organic fertilizer and its importance .. organic or chemical material is added to the land or plant for the purpose of nutrition or increase the amount of productivity and soil efficiency

Definition of compost:
It is any organic or chemical substance that is added to the soil or plant for the purpose of feeding or increasing the quantity of production.
The importance of fertilizer comes to several factors including:
- Vertical expansion in agricultural production by increasing soil efficiency.
- Treatment of deficiency in one or more mineral nutrients of the plant.
- Increase the amount of production and compensate the shortage of the fall of the shortage of per capita agricultural land (where the per capita share of population increase in the last half of this century from 12 carats per person to 3 carats per person).
- Filling the need for elements of plants intensive production, which has been developed new varieties of them in recent times and require high fertilizer rates.

The major elements in the agricultural fertilizer needed by the plant in large quantities .. Nitrogen. Phosphorus. Potassium

The major elements in the agricultural fertilizer needed by the plant in large quantities are:
1 - Nitrogen: the average need of acres of which 514.5 K in the form of azut 15.5% g and increase or decrease quantities by plant type (fruit) and in terms of soil quality (old - new).
2 - Phosphorus: the average need of acres, including 215 kg phosphorus 15.5% kg, increase and decrease by plant type and soil.
Potassium: The average requirement of feddan, 55 kg in the form of PU 2A by 48% / kg, increases or decreases according to the type of plant and soil.

The small elements in the agricultural fertilizer needed by the plant in large quantities .. Iron. Magnesium. Zinc. Calcium. Boron. Sulfur. Manganese. Copper. Molydenum

The small elements in the agricultural fertilizer needed by the plant in large quantities:
The importance of the need for these elements has emerged in the last three decades in Egypt after the establishment of the High Dam and the deprivation of the land from the Nile silt, which compensated the soil with the shortage of these elements. These elements are added in very small quantities, added to the major elements in the form of composite fertilizers.
And added in the form of individual elements spray or mixed together or added to some amino acids will also be exposed to the division of fertilizers - these elements are:
1- Iron
2- Magnesium
3- Zinc
4- Calcium
5- Boron
6- Sulfur
7- Manganese
8- Copper
9- Molydenum

Types of agricultural fertilizers .. Organic fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers. Mono fertilizers (simple). Compound or unbalanced compound fertilizers

Fertilizers are divided into:
Organic fertilizers: They are the result of the decomposition of animal and plant residues and their transformation into mineral elements added to the soil absorbed by the plant.
B - Chemical fertilizers: It is divided into two main sections:
1 - mono fertilizers (simple): It consists of one element of the major elements Nt - Phosphorus - Potassium in one of the forms available for production and use and is produced in government companies (Smad Talkha - Abu Qir Fertilizer - Suez - Abu Zaabal).
2- Compound fertilizers: They are divided into three sections:
- Balanced composite fertilizers: They are composed of equal proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
- Unbalanced compound fertilizers: They are composed of unequal proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and may consist of only two or three large components plus one or more minor elements.
- Minor elements: They are produced either individually or in combination.
The compound fertilizers can be produced in liquid form or powder, and the plants are exposed to many problems due to lack of fertilizers.

MIXED FERTILIZERS AND THEIR MANUFACTURE .. Mixtures are equipped with nitrogen fertilizers, phosphorus and potassium

For more than a hundred years, more mixtures of fertilizer have been sold in the United States, where the mixture industry is more widespread than any other country.
There has been a wide range of needs for crops and soils, so different mixtures of fertilizers have been developed over the years, but often more than the real need. However, in 1971-72, there were about 200 varieties, accounting for 80% of total consumption in tonnes.
Although nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium mixtures were increased, nitrogen and total potassium added as mixtures decreased, especially for nitrogen, with increased emphasis on the direct addition of nitrogen and the farmer's conviction that the process was economical.
The total quantities of nutrients in mixtures and materials will continue to increase. Fertilizers are faster than mixtures in the light of research that proves the importance of adding nutrient to poor soil to that element as needed.

The importance of nitrogen .. Encourage vegetative growth and raise the protein content of leaves and grains and the formation of protoplasm

1 - enters the composition of protein, which is the main compound in the structure of protoplasm.
2 - Enter the synthesis of enzymes and chlorophyll A, B and some acids in the nucleus and some hormones.
3 - Promotes vegetative growth and increases the protein content of leaves and grains.
The plant absorbs nitrogen in the form of negative nitrate ions or positive ammonium ions:
- Ammonia is first absorbed by small plants.
- Nitrate is the main image used during the rest of the growth stages.
Due to the alkalinity of Egyptian soil so we prefer fertilizers with a low acidity number to alkaline soil equation.

Symptoms of lack of nitrogen .. The appearance of purple color in the necks of leaves and veins of tomatoes as a result of the formation of the dye of anthocyanin

- In the plant with one perpendicular: Yellowing the blade of the paper with the survival of the edges green.
- In the plant with two layers: The paper becomes homogeneous greenish yellow color.
- Symptoms appear in both on the bottom leaves become pale green and then turns to yellow color.
- Plant growth is slow and shrinking and the plant becomes frayed.
- In tomatoes, for example, the lack of nitrogen accompanied by the appearance of purple color in the necks of leaves and veins due to the formation of the dye of anthocyanin.
- In the case of severe shortage dry leaves lower and fall down and take the upper leaves color matrix.

The symptoms of increasing the nitrogen from the appropriate limit .. Green color of the leaves and increase the content of chlorophyll and photosynthesis

Symptoms of Nitrogen Increase for Adequate Limitation:
- The leaves become dark green and the content of chlorophyll increases.
- Increase the rate of photosynthesis and then have rapid growth in roots, stems and leaves.
- The storage of food and the formation of fibers that support the plant is also less flowers and fruiting and then legs are weak weak walls and therefore a small crop.
- Delayed maturity of fruits and lack of quality.
- Promotes disease.

Ammonium Poisoning: An increase in nitrogen fertilizer in which nitrogen is in the form of ammonia with yellowing leaves and stops growing

Ammonium poisoning occurs in the case of an increase in ammonia fertilizer in which nitrogen is in the form of ammonia.
- In most plants yellowing occurs with leaves and stops growing and the emergence of decomposing patches of leaves.
- Germination of cucumber seeds significantly decreases in high concentrations of ammonium.

Importance of phosphorus, synthesis of nucleic acids, increase of enzymatic reactions and reduction of harmful effect of increase of nitrogen in soil

1. Phosphorus enters the synthesis of all nucleic acids and plays a large role in enzymatic reactions.
2 - works to reduce the harmful effect of increasing the nitrogen in the soil.
3. Phosphorus plays a key role in the process of cell division and encourages the growth of roots, especially spin-offs.
4 - raise the rate of flowering and holding fruits, which increases production.

Symptoms of phosphorus deficiency in plants. The appearance of red or purple color in different areas of the leaf in the vegetative stage

* In the plant with one semen (wheat - barley - rice):
The appearance of red or purple color in different areas of the leaf in the vegetative stage.
* In the plant with two layers (tomatoes - cucumber - onions):
- The main veins of the old leaves take a red or purple color while the modern leaves are colored in dark green or gray green.
- The appearance of purple in the absence of phosphorus to the lack of protein representation and therefore the accumulation of high concentrations of sugars leaves necessary to represent the dye of anthocyanin due to the appearance of purple.
- Stems and weak growth and delayed flowering contract.
In general: slow growth, delayed maturation, small fruit size, fall of floral buds and flowers.

Symptoms of increased phosphorus in the soil .. Increased absorption at the expense of zinc and iron and accelerate the maturity of the plant

- Increases phosphorus in the soil to increase absorption at the expense of zinc and iron and thus show symptoms of their deficiency on the plant.
- With the increase of phosphorus and high heat accelerate the maturity of the plant, but decreases its vegetative growth and the plant becomes susceptible to disease.

The Importance of Potassium .. Activating photosynthesis and the transfer of carbohydrates and protein from leaves to their storage places in fruits and roots

Potassium is found in the plant in the form of mineral salts and is found in the form of potassium salt for organic acids.
Its importance:
1. Potassium is absorbed more than any other element in the plant.
2 - plays an important role in the process of activation of photosynthesis by activating the enzymes involved in this process.
3 - phosphorus play a key role in the transfer of carbohydrates and protein from the leaves to the places stored in the fruits and roots or tubers and thus improve the qualities of potassium fruits and vegetables and tubers.
4 - is important in the process of cell division.
5 - regulate the benefit of plants from water by organizing the process of opening and closing the gaps and thus reduce the output.
It has a role in regulating the root of the cells.

Symptoms of potassium deficiency: Weak growth of roots, accumulation of dissolved nitrogen and increased incidence of diseases

- The old leaves take a greenish gray color and then change to a bronze or yellowish brown color and the edges of the leaves flutter.
- Plant growth is slow.
- There is a lack of homogeneity in the growth of one fruit.
- Light yellowing on the edges of the leaves followed by progress yellowing along the veins and the color of the edges to dark brown.
- Minimizes root growth where secondary erosion in roots and tubers decreases, resulting in thin, weak storage members (roots or tubers).
- On the other hand less storage capacity and clearly shows that potato plays an important role in the thickening of the tubercle shell and thus works to protect it from diseases, especially black crust disease.
- In tomatoes and potatoes, the leaves become coarse and curled, and their edges are turned down, yellowed and turned brown at the end.
- Also when potassium deficiency in the plant accumulates dissolved nitrogen and increase the incidence of diseases.

Symptoms of increased potassium .. Wilt small leaves and the death of parts of them and lack of opportunities for absorption of magnesium

- The plant can absorb excess potassium from its need but gives a good crop.
- For example, allergies to increase the potassium component is limited to the wilt of small leaves and the death of parts of them and the source of damage if the source of fertilizer potassium chloride whether calcium sulphate or nitrate.
- Increase the absorption of potassium cause indirect damage as it reduces the chances of absorption of the magnesium component appears on the plant deficiency symptoms.
- Symptoms of potassium deficiency appear in light sandy areas.

The Importance of Calcium .. The reaction of bacteric acid inside the plant with calcium and the formation of calcium insoluble bactate. Mitosis

1. Bactic acid inside the plant reacts with calcium, a component of insoluble calcium bactate, which is the main component of the central plate.
2 - It is important in mitotic cell division through its role in the formation of the spindle and in the composition and stability of the chromosome.
3 - Calcium has an active role of enzymes phospholysis - Arginine kinase oenosine triphosphate.
4 - is important in the absorption of Nitrogen Nitrogen.
5. Reduces the toxic effect of excess doses of boron.

Symptoms of calcium deficiency .. Plant and plant dwarf growth and shortness of roots and thickness and coloration of leaves in green and the appearance of mold rot

- Plant and plant dwarf growth and shortness of roots and thickness and the color of the leaves in green.
- The death of the developing peaks and the discontinuation of growth (the irregularity of the leaves sometimes and the ripple of their edges).
- The yellowing of the newly developed leaves and the death of the developing peaks in the legs.
- The emergence of physiological diseases such as the rotting of the syphilis - the black heart - wrinkle and deformities and cracks fruit.
- The symptoms of calcium deficiency on the fruits clearly from the leaves caused by lack of calcium emergence of the disease of the rot of the fruit, which is the emergence of a brown, glazed, frozen and distinctive to the rings at the end of the fruit.
- Cabbage and cauliflower are very sensitive to calcium deficiency so they are used as revealing plants for calcium deficiency.

The effects of increasing calcium in soil .. lack of phosphate and increase the acidity of soil and high phosphate and the effect on phosphorus available to plant

- Increase of magnesium and potassium in the soil lead to the emergence of symptoms of calcium deficiency, despite the availability of soil.
- Loss of calcium by leaching leads to a lack of phosphate and thus increase the acidity of the soil.
- Alkaline land is abundant in calcium phosphate insoluble trioxide and therefore increase phosphate and affects the phosphorus available to plant.
- The acceptable small percentage for recording in compost is 1.00%.

Magnesium importance: Partial chlorophyll formation and activation of cell division where calcium bactate is associated with magnesium bactate in cellulose fiber paste

1 - a necessary component for the formation of partial chlorophyll, which is included in the installation of chlorophyll A, b.
Magnesium is essential for the process of cell division. Calcium bactrate is associated with magnesium bactate in the cellulose fiber paste when building the stem cell.
3 - works to increase absorption and transfer of phosphate.
4 - tonic of many enzymes within the plant involved in the representation of nuclear acids.
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