Showing posts with label Diseases. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Diseases. Show all posts

Anemia.. the number of red blood cells or the level of hemoglobin they contain is lower than normal

Anemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells or the level of hemoglobin they contain is lower than normal.

Hemoglobin is used to transport oxygen and when red blood cells are present in too few quantities or are abnormal, or when there is not enough hemoglobin, the ability of the blood to transport oxygen to the tissues of the body will be reduced.

This leads to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, dizziness and shortness of breath, among others.
The optimal hemoglobin level to meet physiological needs varies with age, sex, altitude of residence, smoking habits and pregnancy status.

The most common causes of anemia are nutritional deficiencies, particularly iron deficiency although folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin A deficiencies are also important causes; haemoglobinopathies; and infectious diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, HIV infection and parasitosis.

Anemia is a real global public health problem that particularly affects young children and pregnant women.

The WHO estimates that 42% of children under five and 40% of pregnant women worldwide are anemic.

Nurse clinic chronic diseases.. Indications of clinic activity, annual coverage rates and tables on disease prevalence in the health center services area

The nurse working in the chronic diseases clinic should check the records of the clinic and register them thoroughly and thoroughly:

1- A record of all cases in the health center services area.
This record is important to know the number of visits the patient to the clinic and the annual examinations of the patient and helps to know the activity of the clinic and know the reality of the situation and the development of annual plans to improve the performance of the clinic.

2- Record of appointments in which appointments are recorded and follow-up of the late.

3- Register of at-risk cases where all patients are registered in the Center's area of ​​service, who have been screened regardless of whether or not they are treated at the center.

4- Charts to indicate the activity of the clinic and rates of coverage by the annual examination and tables on the prevalence of the disease in the area of ​​health center services.

5- A file concerning circulars, instructions, information and procedures issued regarding the activity of the chronic diseases clinic.

6- The existence of models and information for the patient such as:
- Follow-up models of diabetics.
- Follow-up models of hypertensive patients, asthma.
- Appointment card for patients to register the appointment and receive the patient.
- Identification card for diabetic patients in emergency cases.
- The presence of patient referral models for hospitals.
- The presence of models for the special diet for chronically ill patients by type of disease and weight of the patient and the age and activity of the daily delivery to patients to follow educational models such as asthma treatment devices, food pyramid for diabetes .. Etc.

Nursing homes in the care of people with communicable diseases.. Prevention of antiretroviral drugs. Adhering to sterilization principles

Nursing homes in the care of people with communicable diseases:

- Awareness and health education.

- Prevention of immunization by preventing children from common childhood and infectious diseases.

- Prevention of antiretroviral drugs.

- Commitment to the principles of sterilization.
Control and treat some diseases such as diarrhea (oral perfusion clinic).
Nursing also plays a role in combating noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, malnutrition and tooth decay

And high blood pressure, which is increasing in society due to change of living, leading to an increase in the number of traffic accidents, heart disease, birth defects ... etc. Nursing contributes to the fight against noncommunicable diseases by working in a clinic:

- Awareness and health education.

- Care for people with chronic diseases (chronic diseases clinic).
 Maternity and Childhood Care Clinic through the identification and care of those at risk.

Hepatitis.. Hepatitis infection. Jaundice and coma in severe cases, nausea, vomiting and fever

Hepatitis:
the definition:
Acute illness caused by hepatitis A, B, C, D, E.

Target:
- Provide necessary medical and preventive care.

Rules and Regulations:
1- When contact with the patient's blood or when a needle prick is accidentally used, inform the doctor in the hospital for immediate treatment.

2- The nurse / nurse must be aware of the following:
- Signs and symptoms:

1- fever.
2- nausea and vomiting.
3- jaundice.
4- coma in severe cases.

Emergency action: (in advanced cases):
1- Gloves must be worn by hand and do not touch any secretions of the patient.
2. Wear a mask on the face.
3- Oxygen 10 liters / minute according to the doctor's instructions.
4- Evaluate the injured by the doctor and nurse / nurse and allow him to leave the center if allowed and allowed the doctor to do so.
In the case of coma, the patient is immediately transferred to the hospital.

preventive measures:
Reporting cases and taking action from the functions of the health inspector and the nursing homes, knowing them to carry out the necessary awareness.
1- Follow up the level of immunity against the virus by conducting tests every six months.
2 - follow up contacts and give them a hepatitis B vaccine according to the schedule followed.
3- Take sufficient data to report the situation.
4- Correct health education about the disease and how to avoid transmission to others, especially husband, wife and children.

Preventive measures against polio.. Reporting all cases of suspected short-term paralysis, including poliomyelitis

1. Report cases and take action from the functions of the health inspector and the nursing homes to learn to carry out the necessary awareness.
2. Reporting of all cases of mild, delayed paralysis, including poliomyelitis.
3. Health awareness included the need to isolate the infected child so as not to cause infection to other children.
4. Immunize all children under 5 years with additional doses of polio vaccine through the national polio eradication campaign to raise the immunity of the community.
5. Fill in the form of the epidemiological investigation and send it by the health inspector.

Polio incubation period.. Childbirth is immunized against polio due to the presence of antibodies in the mother

The period of polio incubation ranges from 3 to 21 days and usually 7 to 21 days
Children are immunized against poliomyelitis due to the presence of antibodies in the mother, which give temporary protection for two months for three months Prevention is given by the triple vaccine, which includes the polio vaccine.

Signs and symptoms of polio.. High fever, sore throat, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stiffness in the neck and back

In cases other than satisfactory, the infection starts with fever, sore throat, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stiffness in the neck and back. These symptoms persist for 2 to 10 days and the patient may recover completely without any paralysis. Symptoms of paralysis, usually after two days of the start of the role of severe and before the temperature drop, and be accompanied by sudden paralysis of the muscles of the limbs, face and chest, breathing muscles, and the maximum recovery within 6 months.

Preventive measures against tetanus.. Review and update the basic immunizations for children and vaccinations of women of childbearing age

1. Report cases and take action from the functions of the health inspector and the nursing homes to learn to carry out the necessary awareness.
2. Review the basic vaccinations of children less than five years of the condition and its completion, including the three bacterial.
3. Review vaccinations of women of childbearing age and complete only bacteriostatic (diphtheria, tetanus) for adults.
4. Raising awareness of the mother and those involved in the causes of transmission and the emergence of cases and avoidance of the most important home births and lack of necessary care during pregnancy and childbirth as well as commitment to complete sterilization when dealing with the secret of the newborn child.

Tetanus infection.. Acute organ disease caused by tetanus toxin. Wound contamination of soil contaminated with fecal waste of some animals

tetanus:
Definition: Acute organ disease caused by toxin (Tetanus) bacteria.
- Methods of infection:
The infection is transmitted from the soil when contaminated with the tetanus present in animal flea. Tetanus occurs in the newly born child when the cord is cut with machinery contaminated with the microbial or the umbilical cord is placed on the wound. Tetanus produced after the birth is due to contamination of wounds with soil contaminated with fecal waste of some animals.

Child born tetanus.. The inability of the child to breastfeed or suck as a result of hardening of the jaw and neck muscles and some parts of the body

The newborn child's tetanus begins with the child's inability to breastfeed or suck because of stiffness of the jaw followed by hardening of the neck muscles and muscles of some parts of the body. Painful convulsions caused by the sensory stimulant. Newborn child tetanus is characterized by stiffness of muscles and pain sensation when trying to touch it. In the muscles of the jaw, neck muscles, which continue to infect the whole body, with difficulty swallowing and convulsions and convulsions occur in the muscles of the body about 3 4 days since the onset of symptoms and continue from 7 10 days.

Diagnosis and testing of the Mediterranean family fever.. Elevation of white blood cells and fibronigens in plasma

There is no specific diagnosis of this disease, but in some cases diagnosis can help diagnose chromosomes, as well as exclude other similar symptoms in the work of special analyzes of these diseases by laboratory tests and special radiations.
Familial Mediterranean fever can show the following signs during the course:
- High white blood cells.
- High red blood cell count (ESR).
- The rise of fibronigens in plasma.
- In addition to the rise in some blood contents of special proteins and other contents.

Symptoms of Mediterranean fever.. Inflammation of membranes coated to the abdominal cavity, dermatitis and joints

Mediterranean fever usually affects Mediterranean populations, especially Eastern Jews, Armenians and Arabs, but this does not mean that some other human breeds are not susceptible to the disease.
Signs of this disease begin to appear between the ages of 5-15 years
- Inflammation of the membranes coated abdominal cavity.
- Dermatitis.
Arthritis can occur.
These symptoms are usually associated with high temperature. Temperature and symptoms may persist from 12 to 24 hours. Symptoms vary from one course to another, and the patient is free of disease between a sick and a sick cycle.
The disease is rare, and the factors contributing to the occurrence of the disease are: the existence of a biography of a satisfactory family, or descended originally from a strain inhabiting the Mediterranean basin.

Family Mediterranean fever.. A genetic disease characterized by recurrent fever and inflammation involving the abdomen or chest

Family Mediterranean fever is a hereditary disease characterized by frequent fever and inflammation involving the abdomen or chest.
Other names of the disease:
- Familial Paroxymal polyserositis
- Periodic Peritonitis
- Recurrent Polyserositis
- Benign Paroxymal peritonitis
- Periodic diseas
- Periodic fever

The chances of inheriting an enzyme for the anemia of the beans for the children if the father is infected and the mother is not infected and is not pregnant to the gene or the father was not infected and the mother was pregnant with the gene

What are the chances of inheriting an enzyme of bean anemia for children?
** If the father is infected and the mother is infected and not pregnant to the gene:
- Proportion of having an infected female (0%).
- The rate of having an infected male (0%).
- Proportion of female fetus with G6PD (ie, no symptomatic disease) (100%).
- If the father is infected and the mother is pregnant with the gene:
- The rate of having an infected female (50%).
- The rate of having a female carrying the gene (50%).
- Percentage of having an infected male (50%).
** If the father is not infected and the mother is pregnant with the gene:
- Proportion of having an infected female (0%).
- Percentage of female births carrying the gene (50%).
- Percentage of having an infected male (50%).

The use of coagulation factor that is not derived from blood or plasma for the treatment of hemophilia

The alternative agent is the center of the extract agent of the plasma, these frozen concentrates are dried and contain a large amount of coagulation factor. But the new factor concentrates have eliminated the risk of viral contamination. The research offers one step forward to create non-derivative products of blood or plasma. Some of the products of Factor VIII are manufactured by gene research technology and eliminated the spread of viruses from the human body donated to the patient. This agent can immediately increase the level of clotting in the patient's blood and continue for 8-12 hours after taking the worker's needle. This factor can be taken when feeling the need for it, but it is advisable to take it every day after another to prevent any bleeding when the agent is available. Because of the high costs of this basic treatment, it is not always available in Palestine or is ever present in developing countries.
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