Showing posts with label Newborn Care. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Newborn Care. Show all posts

Understanding Your Newborn: Common Issues and Solutions

Common Problems in Newborns:

Newborns are delicate and vulnerable, and it's common for them to experience some minor issues during their early days. Here are some of the most common problems you might encounter:   

Physical Issues:

  • Jaundice: This is a yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes, often caused by the baby's liver not processing bilirubin efficiently. It's usually harmless and temporary.
  • Diaper rash: A common skin irritation caused by prolonged contact with urine and feces.   
  • Cradle cap: A scaly rash on the baby's scalp.
  • Umbilical cord stump infection: This can occur if the umbilical cord stump is not kept clean and dry.   
  • Colic: This is a condition characterized by excessive crying and fussiness.
  • Spit-up: It's common for babies to spit up after feeding.

Feeding and Digestion Issues:

  • Breastfeeding difficulties: Some mothers may struggle with breastfeeding, such as latching or milk supply issues.
  • Constipation: Babies may experience constipation if their diet is not balanced or if they are dehydrated.
  • Reflux: This is when stomach contents flow back up into the esophagus, causing discomfort.

Other Common Problems:

  • Crying: Babies cry as a way of communicating their needs. Excessive crying can be a concern, especially if it's accompanied by other symptoms.
  • Sleep problems: Newborns often have irregular sleep patterns, but excessive sleepiness can be a sign of underlying issues.
  • Fever: A fever is a sign of illness and should be monitored closely.

It's important to note that these are common problems, but not all newborns will experience them. If you have any concerns about your baby's health, please consult with your pediatrician.

Instructions for swaddling the baby properly

Instructions for swaddling the baby properly:

In order to properly swaddle your baby, follow these instructions:

  • Carefully choose the swaddling cloth, it should be cotton, thin and light, of medium size.
  • Spread a swaddling cloth on a flat ground, and this cloth should be cotton, and then place your infant on the cloth so that his head is exposed.
  • Put the baby on the swaddling cloth, it should be in the position of lying on the back, straight, completely avoid, to put it on one side when swaddling.
  • Make the swaddling flexible, so that you give your child enough space to move the feet, and it is preferable not to swaddle the hands.
  • Make sure your child has the ability to move their hips, so they don't develop hip dysplasia.
  • If your baby has a high temperature, stay away from the swaddling process completely, so that he is not at greater risk of sudden infant death syndrome.
  • Check your baby, periodically, and make sure that he moves freely and there is nothing that hinders his movement.

What are the benefits and harms of swaddling a baby? And when should you completely stop swaddling a child?

What is baby swaddling?

Immediately after giving birth, the mother wraps her newborn with a blanket or his cover, depending on the weather in which the infant was born. The process of swaddling the child includes the entire limbs of the child, and this is with the aim of warming the infant and protecting him from the outside world, and giving him the feeling of the womb that he is accustomed to for a period of 9 months, but if the swaddling is done properly Wrong. Deformities may occur to the infant’s body, and it may lead to congenital hip dysplasia. Therefore, swaddling should not be tightened, while giving the hands and feet a space that includes their freedom of movement.

When should you permanently stop swaddling a child?

The opinion of the majority of doctors is unanimous that as soon as the infant exceeds two months of age, the swaddling process must be stopped completely, because the infant at that time has the ability to move and turn over, and if the child turns over on his stomach during sleep and the mother is unaware of him, while he is in the swaddled state, it is possible That the infant is exposed to sudden death syndrome.

Benefits of swaddling a baby:

Despite the different methods of swaddling, in the end, if it is done correctly according to the doctors’ instructions, it will bring many benefits to the infant, including the following:

  • Proper swaddling without tightness on the limbs gives the baby a state of calm, peace and tranquility.
  • It makes the baby feel safe and calm, and falls asleep deeply, thus reducing sleep disorders that infants suffer from at the beginning of birth.
  • Immediately after birth, the infant searches for the atmosphere of the womb in which he remained for 9 months, and swaddling gives him the same feeling, especially because the mother’s womb is narrow and the movement of the fetus inside it is controlled, and that is the same feeling of swaddling.
  • Swaddling protects the child from exposure to disorders that result from the involuntary movements of the infant's limbs. You have certainly seen before an involuntary shaking of an infant.
  • Swaddling the baby helps calm him down when he gets into a fit of anger and irritation, accompanied by hours of continuous crying, with the mother's refusal of all attempts to breastfeed or change the diaper. He only needs safety and this is what swaddling will actually give him.

The harm of swaddling a baby:

Despite the many benefits mentioned in the previous lines of swaddling a baby, if the swaddling is done in the wrong way, your baby will suffer many damages, including the following:

Congenital hip dysplasia:

If the swaddling is done incorrectly, where the mother pulls the swaddle cloth too tightly on the infant, taking away his freedom to move his limbs, or his body is completely covered during the swaddling, with the swaddling tight on the hips and feet, the child will be more susceptible to hip dysplasia. dysplasia.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS):

Many scientific researches have been conducted, by a number of specialized doctors, on the matter of swaddling the infant, and all the results confirm that swaddling the wrong way can put the child at risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, especially if the infant has the ability to move and turns over. his stomach, and to reduce the risk of infection, it is preferable to swaddle the child with a light cotton cloth.

Why does your baby cry in the first months?.. hunger. wetness. loneliness. burping disease. Colic. heat or cold. the movement. fatigue

Crying in an infant:

Crying is a way for children in their early life to communicate with their parents, and children often cry a lot in the first three months, and this may happen for any reason, we have to understand what are the reasons for our children’s crying so that we can relieve them and meet their demands, the reasons for crying are different:

Hunger:

Newborn cries when hungry. Even if he has finished breastfeeding a short while ago. Sometimes, when the newborn is breastfed, he takes little milk and a lot of air, which reduces his sense of satiety, as he does not eat enough food. It may also lead to colic.

Wetness:

A newborn cries when it feels wet. Check the diaper and if it is wet or dirty, change it immediately

Unit:

A newborn cries when he feels lonely and wants little attention. In that case, just hearing your voice or seeing you will make him happy. If this does not work, massage him or touch his hand to feel your presence. Although some believe that carrying the newborn all the time spoils or spoils it, this does not happen in the first months. Reassure me and hold him if the crying increases.

Belching:

The newborn cries after feeding because his stomach is full of air and he is unable to vomit. Help him to squat by holding him on your shoulder and lightly tapping his lower back. Don't despair quickly, it may take a long time to censure.

the disease:

A newborn cries when it feels sick, whether it is flatulence, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, or when its temperature rises. Find out the cause of the crying and contact the doctor.

Colic:

The newborn cries because of severe colic. It is a hysterical state of continuous crying of unknown cause. During it, the newborn waving his foot. Acute colic cases last at least 3 hours a day, 3 days a week. In these cases, continuous crying may cause you stress and anxiety

hot or cold:

The newborn cries if he feels hot or cold. Touch the back of his neck or stomach to see if he is suffering from heat or cold, and do not rely on touching his feet or hands because they do not express the temperature of your newborn. Use many light blankets instead of one heavy blanket, and reduce the number of covers when it is hot and increase it when it is cold.

the movement:

The newborn cries when he wants to be moved, either by changing his position (for example, if he is sleeping on his stomach, put him on his back) or by rocking or walking. Pick it up and do a simple spin around the house to change the look and feel.

Tired:

A newborn cries when he feels tired and wants to sleep. Learn the signs of your baby's tiredness so you can put him to sleep before he starts crying.

How do you take care of your baby in the summer?

Summer baby care:

During the summer, your infant needs careful and careful care to prevent exposure to diseases and health problems that can make him in a state of constant discomfort. In order to enjoy an enjoyable summer with him, here are the top baby care tips in the summer.

  • In the summer, you must pay attention to the child's skin, as you make sure that it is constantly moist, as he is exposed to many skin problems, especially those resulting from diapers that cause him allergies, and the situation may worsen if you do not notice this matter. Hence the importance of constantly changing diapers, moisturizing the skin and showering on a daily basis. In addition to avoiding scented tissues that can harm the baby's skin and cause allergies.

  • Also in the summer, if your child has exceeded six months, you must provide him with appropriate care, as you provide him with fluids constantly, especially water, to maintain the necessary moisture for his body, and to protect him from exposure to dehydration as a result of high temperature and exposure to sunlight.

  • The infant's immunity is still somewhat weak, so he needs a lot of care and caution not to expose him to infested places or where viruses can spread. In this context, be careful to avoid walking in crowded places, in which animals are common, or in smoke-filled places. And choose open public places such as public parks.

  • Also, one of the most prominent tips that help you in caring for your infant in the summer is to be careful not to expose him directly to the sun, especially the head. Rather, you must provide protection for him through the appropriate hat and the necessary clothes that protect him from the strong heat outside. And make sure that the baby stroller is also equipped with a cover that protects from the scorching sun.

Is it correct to cut the nails of the infant immediately after birth?

Trimming infant nails:

Many children are born with long, sharp nails, which raises mothers' concern that their little ones may scratch their soft skin with their nails. She's cutting his nails, but what's best for the baby?

When do you cut your baby's nails?

Doctors recommend not cutting or trimming newborn nails during the first month of their life, due to the ease of their wounding and the accuracy of the blood capillaries in this area. Whoever scratches himself while moving his hands in random movements to express joy or cry.

Steps for trimming infant nails:

After your child completes the first month of his life, you can cut his nails using scissors intended for infant nails, which are scissors with curved and safe ends so as not to injure the child in the event that they touch him while cutting his nails, and it is not recommended to restrain the child with the help of another person to cut his nails, as this It may harm the child and lead to him hating the process of cutting his nails, so the best time to cut your child's nails is during his sleep, by following these steps:

  • Take a comfortable cutting position, so that you can hold your little one's fingers and control the scissors well.
  • Choose a place with good lighting, so that you can cut your child's delicate nails easily.
  • Press down gently on the bottom of the nail, to keep the skin away from the nail and avoid hurting your child.
  • Cut the extra length in each of your little one's fingernails.
  • Make sure that you do not leave any sharp edges in the sides of the nails after cutting them, and you can use a soft file for children to do so.
  • Hold the palm of your child's hand with one hand, and hold the scissors with the other hand.

The process of cutting your little one's nails for the first time may be difficult for you, but in the end it is your task, and no one else will do it, just be brave and make sure that you will never harm your little one, but rather protect him from cutting himself with his nails, and after that, you will be able to cut it brilliantly within a few minutes .

What do I do if I inadvertently hurt my little one while cutting his nails?

In the event that you accidentally injure your child's skin, you must be calm until you behave well. Wet a piece of clean cotton and press it gently on the affected area, and the bleeding will stop after a short time. Do not put any bandage or medical adhesive around his nails, as the infant puts his fingers in his mouth. Continuously, and he may pull the medical plaster with his mouth, causing him to suffocate.

How does your baby develop after birth?

The development of the child after birth:

From motionless newborn to active toddler: It only takes 12 months for your baby to experience this amazing transformation. Babies grow and grow at a rapid pace as the months go by, so read on to learn more about your baby's development stages after birth.

Stages of child development after birth:


From one to three months old:

During the first stage of development, your baby's brain and body are in the process of learning how to adapt to a new outside world that is different from the mother's belly. From here, after birth and up to the completion of three months of his life, your child will go through several developments:
  • During the age of one month and two months, the smile that a newborn draws on his face will not be directed to anyone, but rather an involuntary movement that he makes. But in three months, he will smile when he sees your smile.
  • At the stage that extends from one to three months, your baby can lift only his head and half of his body, all the way to the tummy area.
  • Your child follows objects that are 20 cm away from him with his eyes.
  • Also, during this stage, the child can open and close his hands, in addition to being able to hold your finger.

Four to six months old:

Between the fourth and sixth months, your baby learns how to interact with the objects around him and discovers his own voice. He goes through the following stages of development:
  • Rolls from front to back or back to front.
  • He makes strange sounds in his voice that sound like his own language.
  • His smile turns into a drawn-out laugh.
  • He can reach and grab things (be careful not to grab your hair), and he also grabs toys with his hands.
  • He becomes able to sit without attributing his back to anything, and he fully controls the movements of his head.

Seven to nine months old:

After your baby completes seven months, your baby's movement rate increases and he also goes through some developments, such as:
  • Your baby begins to crawl by crawling on his hands and knees. Some babies never crawl, going straight to walking.
  • He can respond to familiar words such as his name and may also respond to the word "no" by stopping and staring at you briefly, and may say his first words such as "mama" and "dada".
  • At this stage, your baby will also be able to clap.


From ten months to one year old:

The last stage of a child’s development up to the age of one year is considered a transitional period, through:
  • Your child can hold the bottle of milk and eat it on his own without your help.
  • Moves around the room and stands whenever he can hold on to the furniture and soon after becomes able to walk.
  • He can point to the objects and games that catch his eye and that he wants to play with.
  • Some children imitate some of their parents' movements, such as talking on the phone.

When should a newborn drink water?.. Problems drinking water before the allowed time

Newborn drinking water:

The issue of the appropriate time to provide water to a newborn can be confusing for many mothers, especially when it is their first-born, as well as when the weather is hot, but giving him water at the right time will avoid you and him from many problems, and the age of 4 or 6 months is the age that doctors consider appropriate for this. The matter is, since before this he will be satisfied with breastfeeding or artificial milk that is provided to him, and when he enters the stage of providing solid foods, he will need to drink water in small quantities with food, that is, about a quarter of a cup or four tablespoons after each meal, and the amount can be increased gradually The older the child.

Problems drinking water before the allowed time:

It is certain that no mother deliberately does things that could harm her children, but rather she is very keen to avoid problems for them, and she must know the problems that may be caused by giving the newborn water before the appropriate time, including:
  • The imbalance in the infant’s weight gain, as it reduces its weight; This is because when he drinks water his stomach will fill up and he will not breastfeed well.
  • It reduces the benefits of milk.
  • The mother's milk will decrease due to the child's lack of breastfeeding when his stomach is filled with water, as the more times he is breastfed, the more milk will be produced and the process of producing it.
  • Increasing the possibility of water poisoning, as this condition occurs when the infant drinks large amounts of water quickly and the kidney expels sodium and salts from the body, and this will reduce the infant’s blood, and thus the occurrence of convulsions and coma for him.
  • It may increase the risk of jaundice.

And the mother should know that her milk contains 80% of water, and that he will not be dehydrated if he does not drink water even in hot weather, and the doctor may recommend giving water to the child in very necessary cases such as severe constipation, and in this case the water must be boiled well and let it cool. before serving it, provided that it is served in small batches with a spoon, not a bottle.

Baby sleep and five senses development in the ninth month

Your nine-month-old baby:

Your child is now in the ninth month of his life and is about to complete his first year. Learn about the most important developments and changes that occurred to him in the ninth month by following this article.

Sensory development in the ninth month:

  • Your baby's vision is much better than before, as he now sees everything that is going on around him at great distances in its true colors.
  • You can now understand most of what your child wants through the sign language that has developed between you and him, and through the simple words he expresses what he wants.
  • Your baby can recognize familiar faces and objects now very easily.
  • Your child can recognize familiar sounds even if he does not see the speaker with his eyes.

Baby sleep in the ninth month:

  • Your child needs 13-15 hours of sleep per day, of which 8-11 hours at night, depending on the nature of the child's sleep and his biological clock.
  • Take care of arranging your child's life and your life according to the nature of his sleep, and establishing a fixed routine that helps you organize your life.


Your baby's development in the ninth month:

  • The average weight of your baby in the ninth month is 18 kilograms for females and 9 kilograms for males.
  • Your child in the ninth month can stand in his place, leaning on the sofa, chair, or table. Make sure to secure the place well, so that he is not exposed to harmful blows, as he is on his way to walk.
  • The average length of your baby in the ninth month is 70 cm for girls and 71.5 cm for boys.
  • Your child can imitate the tone of your voice and the tones that you repeat with him while playing.
  • The appearance of expressions of anger and annoyance on your child when seeing new people on him is normal at this age, and it has nothing to do with whether he is a social personality or not.
  • The child uses his hands for everything now, playing, eating and leaning on them to stand, as they are the main factor he depends on in his life.
  • The infant is afraid of separation from the mother at this age, so your child's crying cannot be ignored when you leave him with someone other than you.


You should consult a doctor if your child:

  • He cannot stand on his legs for a few seconds now.
  • He cannot pass things from one hand to the other, and he cannot pass food from his hand to his mouth.
  • He does not respond when his name is called.
  • He does not pronounce the usual words such as: mama, papa, and dada.
  • He does not recognize familiar people.
  • He is not curious about toys and what is around him at home and does not try to reach them.

The development of the senses in the infant in the first month.. Vision. tasting. hearing. touch. Odor

Your baby in the first month:

In the first months of the child's life, the mother needs a guide to explain to her the developments that occur with her child. In this series, you will find everything related to the growth of your newborn month by month, and in this article we talk about the infant's growth in the first month.

Sensory development in the infant in the first month:


- Vision:

Your baby can see your face when feeding, as well as see all objects close to him at a distance of no more than 30 centimeters, and you may notice swelling in the eyes after birth that will disappear over the weeks and use the creams prescribed by the doctor. Finally, your child's eyes may cross at times. Do not interpret this movement as (squint). The muscles that control eye movement have not fully developed, so there is no cause for concern.

Taste:

The sense of taste is greatly developed, your baby can differentiate between sweet and bitter, but he prefers the sweet taste, which is the taste of breast milk.

Hearing:

Hearing hasn't fully developed yet, but he can distinguish your voice quite well as well as some of the sounds he used to hear in your womb.

Touch:

There is no better reward for your baby at this age than cuddling. Through his sense of touch, your baby is now able to feel all the feelings that exist between the two of you.

Smell:

Your baby can smell you now.

Breastfeeding during the first month:

Your baby needs to breastfeed at least 8-12 times or more during the day in the first month. You will notice his crying and his need to breastfeed every two or three hours. Your baby's getting enough breast milk can only be known by following his weight and the number of used diapers. You can use a breast pump to store milk, and those close to you can help you breastfeed if you're experiencing fatigue or nipple pain in the first month.
It is important to breastfeed your baby whenever he needs it, not to let him cry for long periods in search of milk, and to regulate feeding times starting after the end of the first month.

Baby sleep in the first month:

In the first month, your baby sleeps between 14-17 hours a day or a little more, and wakes up often to feed and then goes back to sleep again. As for sleeping times, they differ from one child to another. Some children sleep most hours during the day, while others sleep more hours at night. Take enough time to sleep when your child sleeps to get some rest.
Make sure your baby sleeps in a comfortable place such as a firm mattress without using a pillow or blanket, to avoid the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.

Changes in your baby's body in the first month:

Your baby's body has not yet reached its final shape, his muscles are still confused after birth, you may notice some cramps in his hands and feet because there is no stability in the muscles yet, over time the muscles will take their correct position and the spasms and strange movements will disappear.
Your baby's weight in the first and second weeks is less than the birth weight by 5-10%. During this period, the baby loses the natural fluids in his body after birth, and then begins again to gain the lost weight and grow normally. Therefore, it is important to follow up with the doctor in the first month constantly, to check on his weight and whether he is getting enough breast milk.

Contact your doctor if you see any of these symptoms in your baby at the end of the first month:

  • He does not open his eyes in bright light.
  • Breastfeeds slowly, and difficulty latching on to the nipple.
  • - His body shivered suddenly without crying or feeding.
  • He doesn't focus his eyes on something and tracks it when he moves.
  • Doesn't respond to loud sounds.

How to care for a newborn baby?.. Adaptation of the child to his new world after a natural birth or caesarean section

Newborn care:

As for the newborn after a natural or cesarean delivery, he is examined to see how well he has adapted to his new world.

Breastfeeding:

Immediately, the child is brought close to his mother's breast to start the process of accustoming him to breastfeeding. As much as the mother strives for the success of the process, it is possible to ensure that the child is accustomed to breastfeeding.
The process of accustoming the child to breastfeeding is not easy at first, so the mother must try many times and avoid giving him formula milk as much as possible, especially in the first three days.

Medications for a newborn:

A specialized doctor examines the newborn immediately at birth and one day after birth to ensure that its organs are functioning well, while giving the newborn the necessary medications, which are eye drops, for a week at a rate of 3 or 4 times a day.
And vitamin D drops are given to the newborn over a period of one and a half years, at a rate of 4 drops per day, mixed in the blood, physiol medicine to improve the breathing process in the newborn, and the “navel” medicine.

Avoid kissing the newborn and frequent visits:

Some habits that harm the new baby should be avoided, such as kissing and frequent visits, to avoid the transmission of some diseases through kissing, which may lead the child to resuscitation, unfortunately, in addition to the fact that the mother in the postpartum period needs rest.

Observation by a specialist:

  • The child must be monitored after a period of birth, especially when the child is not normal in terms of feeding and excretion processes, and when yellowing is noticed on the child’s face and at the level of the eyes.
  • Also when sleeping a lot and feeling that the child is tired
  • Change in the type and color of normal baby stool
  • Not breathing well and panting
  • You should not wait for the temperature to rise, especially in children at the age of 28 days. You should see a doctor

The normal weight of a child at birth should be between 2700 grams and 3900 grams. If the weight is less, it is related to the birth of the child before the specified date and not being fed as it should be during pregnancy. Therefore, the child who weighs more than 4 kg should be monitored.
If the mother complains of some diseases during pregnancy, such as diabetes.

Gases in newborns:

Gases in newborns appear from the tenth day after birth, and it is not a pathological condition that should not be feared, but the child can be helped to reduce it with some massage in the lower abdomen and moving his feet, in addition to some medicines and home recipes such as Basbas water, and while worrying about these gases, it is Baby crying is normal.

Bathing a newborn baby:

According to the latest studies, it is not recommended to bathe a newborn infant immediately after delivery. As a result, there is no specific time for bathing, and the mother must choose the appropriate time that comforts her child.

Sterogel Vitamin D:

It is recommended to take it daily.

Puffy eye of a newborn baby:

The swollen eye of a newborn infant and its prominence of tears is a result of blockage of some channels, so the nostrils must be cleaned and a massage under the eye performed. If the matter continues after 6 months of the infant’s life, a doctor should be visited, because the matter may require discharging the canal adjacent to the eye.

Infant "flying" habits:

There are good habits among Tunisian families, including drinking Basbas water to reduce gas pain in newborns and massaging his body with olive oil, but the habits of “flying” children are not recommended because it is a dangerous habit. Milk from the breast in ways that may cause many negative repercussions on it.

Reducing children's crying:

He should be hugged and talked to to calm him down or massage his body to relax him.

Starting time for feeding the baby:

It starts from 5 or 6 months, and when the child is satisfied with breastfeeding before that, he does not deserve to drink water because the mother’s milk is rich in water, but when the child begins to eat, it is necessary to drink water.

Breast milk and ways to preserve it:

Breast milk can be kept in sterilized bottles under the refrigerator at medium cold temperatures or inside the refrigerator at high temperatures.

Problems of infants and newborns.. Gases. Sleep disorders. The age of pronunciation is delayed. Cough. punishment

Problems of infants and newborns:

Among the most common problems that infants and newborns are exposed to are:

Gases:

Gases cause great anxiety in the child and the mother. Anxieties start after the first two weeks of giving birth, which is a normal condition.
What really causes concern is the state of panic and fear among the parents that affects the child, and the child in this case needs the reassurance of his parents to contain him.
Children's gas anxieties usually start in the evening more than at any other time of the day. Among the painkillers that are used is Basbas water, but the best solution is to do a "massage" on the abdominal level.

When does the gas fluctuations subside?

After the age of two months, the state of anxiety about gases gradually decreases. It is advisable not to expose the child to cold and to make sure that he wears socks to prevent gases.
  And the mother should avoid some types of food that cause the transfer of gases from her to her child.
And starting from the age of 4 months, most of the symptoms of gases in children are reduced.

Breastfeeding and its importance:

Starting from the third day after birth, the mother's breasts produce milk, bearing in mind that in the first days the breast contains the substance "pulp" that protects the infant. It is a very important substance in the lactation process.
In some cases, formula milk can be prescribed to the infant, when the infant complains of low birth weight or premature birth.

Sleep disorders in infants:

Sleep disorders in infants are usually due to insufficient breastfeeding, so the mother's diet must be balanced with drinking significant amounts of water, at a rate of at least two liters per day, to avoid the child's anxiety due to the lack of milk in sufficient quantities.

Delayed age of pronunciation:

The age that calls for fear of a delay in the pronunciation process is 3 years, and the matter requires consulting a specialist.

Cough

Cough in children may hide some diseases, and it is recommended to clean the nose well and consult a doctor to identify the causes. Note that coughing at the age of two months requires a visit to the doctor because the child may be infected with whooping cough, especially since the necessary vaccination against this disease takes place at the age of 3 months.

Punishment for children:

Children do not usually understand punishment, so there is no point in punishing it, just as child abuse generates violence in their souls, and they are brought up with it, and when they grow up, they become more inclined to practice violent behavior.
The child should also be spared scenes of violence because of their negative effects on the formation of his personality.

Navel care for newborns to prevent infection

Caring for a newborn's belly button:

Caring for a newborn's navel is a source of concern for some parents, especially if they do not have much experience in this area. You do not need to worry because some basic treatments are enough to remove the remains from the umbilical cord and heal the navel.

When the baby is in the womb, it is nourished through the umbilical cord. At birth, this cord is severed because it no longer performs any function. A newborn's navel is what remains of the umbilical cord until it is completely separated from it.

In addition, navel care for a newborn is primarily aimed at preventing infection. It is enough to have proper hygiene and take some simple precautions so that this does not happen. With the right measures, in two or three weeks, the rest will be done naturally.

Baby's navel:

At the time of delivery, the doctor or midwife will cut the umbilical cord about 4 centimeters from the baby's abdomen. This is done using stabilizing forceps to contain the bleeding. The rest of the wire is held in place with special plastic clips.

From then on, the newborn's navel begins the process of self-destruction. Over the days, the stump dries up, wrinkles and turns brown until it finally wears off. All this happens within 8-10 days. In babies born by caesarean section, it may take a few days longer.

After the stem falls off, a small sore remains that takes about 3 to 5 days to heal. During this time, special care must be taken to ensure that no infection or complications develop. From there, you don't have to worry anymore.

Navel care for newborns:

Newborn navel care is completed when the area has healed well. There are myths, beliefs and half-truths about it. In the past, it was thought that it was best to treat the navel with 70-degree alcohol, alone or with an antiseptic such as chlorhexidine.

Various studies have shown that it can delay navel dropping. It is therefore only recommended if the child lives in an environment where hygiene is poor. Otherwise, the only cardinal rule is to keep your belly button clean and dry. It includes some basic procedures such as:
  • Wash hands before washing or changing a child.
  • Do not tear the navel, it will fall off naturally when the time is right.
  • Bathing the baby is not a problem. On the other hand, make sure you dry your navel well when you go outside.
  • If the navel area is soiled with urine or feces, it should be cleaned with a washcloth and lukewarm water.
  • The navel area should remain exposed: it should be avoided, as far as possible, from being covered by a piece of clothing or a diaper.

Caring for the navel of the newborn:
It is advisable to treat the navel of the newborn until it is completely healed. On the one hand, it is a simple procedure after taking a shower. You just need to follow these steps:
  • After bathing, completely dry the baby's body.
  • Clean the area around the navel properly.
  • Then apply a clean gauze to dry the area well.
  • Do not use cotton, mercurychrome, or iodine-containing products.

Warning signs:

If there is no cure after 20 days, there may be an infection (this is called omphalitis). In this condition, the area is usually red and hardened. In addition, there will be bloody discharge and an unpleasant odor. If so, see your pediatrician.

When the stem falls off, it is normal for it to bleed a little. If the bleeding is profuse or won't stop, the best thing to do is apply gentle pressure to the area with sterile gauze and then see a doctor. Sometimes a red pimple appears on the navel scar (umbilical granuloma). This is fine, but it is also worth seeing a pediatrician.

In addition, a bulge can also appear on the navel, which corresponds to a hernia. It is mild and usually disappears after 2-3 years. Finally, there may also be a small protuberance shaped like an elephant's trunk, called the proboscis. The pediatrician will then tell you all the steps to follow.

How can the care and cleanliness of a newborn baby?

Newborn care:

There are many customs and traditions in the Tunisian heritage that concern the ways of caring for the newborn, some of which are positive and some are negative.

Baby skin:

The skin is not only important in maintaining the internal organs of the human being, but it is a very important organ for the human being, especially the infant.

The thickness of the skin is considered very important compared to the size of the child, and the skin of the head and face for the child represents an average of 50 percent of the skin that covers his entire body, and the child’s skin must be taken care of from head to toe. His mother's womb contains fatty substances.

The role of this shell lies in protecting the child from water at birth, so it is protected in a natural way since it was in its mother’s womb. Immediately at birth, the infant is washed to remove the white shell while providing the necessary protection for the skin to perform its necessary functions.

Skin functions:

  Human skin contributes to breathing and helps exposure to the external environment to achieve balance at the level of body temperature. And when the body feels a rise in temperature, it sweats to reduce the rate of calories inside it to achieve the balance of its internal temperature.

  When feeling cold, the thickness of the skin pores shrinks and shrinks to reduce the rate of heat exchange between the body and the external environment to maintain the internal temperature rate, which results in a decrease in the blood circulation rate and the appearance of blue traces on the level of the skin for the infant, and this stage (blue-colored skin) should be avoided ) and maintaining a body temperature balance of 37 degrees, not less than 36.5 and not exceeding 37.5.

The type of clothing to be worn:

Most mothers depend on the seasons to thicken or lighten the clothes, but due to the turmoil of the weather, the quality of the clothes cannot be maintained until the end of the season, so it is necessary to adapt to the heat to protect the infant from coldness and sweating.

The infant's condition can be assessed if it is sweaty or cold by touching the face and limbs. And achieving adaptation between the child's body temperature and the external environment will enable this balance on the level of the infant's body temperature to breathe smoothly and grow better.

The skin is naturally covered with a fatty substance that represents the first protective wall of the skin. This material protects from contact with germs and all harmful substances in the environment.

The necessity of cleaning the infant’s skin:

The infant's skin must be cleaned regularly to protect it from the accumulation of germs, dust and chemicals that may harm it. What must be prevented is that the navel reaches the stage of putrefaction, which is a dangerous stage because it is connected to a group of veins connected to the inside of the body and arteries. Navel rot can damage the heart or liver and the body in general, so the infant’s body must be as clean as possible.

The doctor usually gives the new baby a set of medicines whose main objective is to dry the navel and protect it to ensure its recovery in the best conditions and as soon as possible, and its recovery period generally does not exceed between 5 and 10 days.

How to bathe a new baby:

The room designated for bathing the infant must have a moderate temperature of approximately 22 degrees, and the door and window of the room must be closed to avoid the entry of cold air and harm its health. All bathing and post-bathing necessities must be prepared, such as clothes, towels, and bathing materials, to avoid the child staying as exposed as possible for as long as possible. for air.

Washing should be good without excessive use of bathing materials, with the removal of all dirt accumulated over the creamy crust of the infant without harming the skin, by not using materials intended for bathing adults, and not using chemicals that may harm the infant’s skin and its characteristics, and up to the limits of one and a half or two years of the child’s age, it must Use special materials to clean it, and stay away from cleaning materials that contain alcohol and potash.

The child can be bathed at a rate of once a day, if possible, or at least twice a week, and the nails trimmed whenever necessary to avoid the child harming himself because he does not control his hands, and cleaning the nose when it is necessary without negligence. Cleaning is done when the child is not able to breathe well.

  There is a connection between the nose, eyes, and throat, and the nose and eyes can be cleaned with the same “physiologic” substance. When this does not work, a doctor should be consulted. Excessive washing also disturbs the balance of the body and the parasitic microbes that are naturally present in the infant and which protect the skin. In it, it gives way to exterminating germs and chemical substances to harm the child.

Conditions for bathing an infant:

All necessities must be available, the bathtub must be filled with warm water, and its temperature should be measured with a thermometer or the elbow of the hand, because the elbow carries sensitive skin that is able to sense the water, whether it is cold or warm, and the entire body of the infant must be washed with the same substance.

Some liquid substances can be used, after drying the infant's body, to help replenish the fatty substances in the skin. It is better to bathe him in the evening or at night, as he feels great comfort when sleeping.

  Cleaning the entire body contributes to protecting the infant from the growth of dandruff at the level of the head and infections, and avoiding the use of cotton swabs to clean the ear because it pushes dirt into the interior. They use these medicines more often than children with dry skin.

Disinfectant wipes should be avoided as much as possible, and warm water (ablution) should be used to clean the infant when defecation and drying as much as possible. Drying is also necessary to avoid vomiting and inflammation in infants, as this condition stresses the infant and makes him unable to sleep, eat and cry a lot.

Some types of oils can be used to massage the baby's body, as the result will be a feeling of comfort and relaxation. These oils also restore fatty substances to the skin (olive oil is recommended, but not in the first days of birth).

Skin care for newborn babies.. The skin's susceptibility to dryness and irritation from external factors

Newborn skin care:

Newborn babies' skin is delicate and requires special care. So it is important to know what products to use as well as skin hygiene. Knowing how to take care of a newborn baby's skin is crucial for all parents. Although the cutaneous barrier of healthy infants is functional, its function continues to develop through at least the first year of life.

Therefore, susceptibility to dryness and irritation from external factors is higher than at other ages. So too much heat or too much cold can trigger allergic reactions. Some products can get aggressive. So what do you need to know?

Newborn skin care:

It is necessary that the hygiene products are well tolerated by the child and that they do not damage the stratum corneum. After delivery, the skin becomes sensitive and exposed to factors that can lead to a breakdown in the skin barrier. These factors may be the following:
  • saliva.
  • Nasal secretions.
  • urine.
  • stool (including stool enzymes).
  • dirt.

Because of the daily exposure to these factors, it is essential to ensure optimal skin hygiene as well as adequate protection of the baby's skin barrier. To do this, we recommend putting the following recommendations into practice.

Newborn skin hygiene:

Skin hygiene of a newborn baby should begin when the body temperature has already stabilized. At birth, the pH of the skin is neutral. It becomes acidic later.

Neutral or low pH soap:

The use of soap causes a transient increase in pH and predisposes to infection and irritation. Therefore, it is recommended to use neutral or low acidity and unscented soaps, at minimum doses.

Cleaning with lukewarm water:

For the first two weeks, it is sufficient to clean gently and only with lukewarm water. Excessive temperature, heavy use of soap, and length or frequency of bathing, among other things, contribute to dry skin (irritated dermatitis), according to studies published in Pediatric Dermatology.

the heat:

To ensure healthy skin in babies, the temperature must be observed. why ? When it's too high, it can lead to sweating or hyperthermia. On the other hand, if it is very cold, it causes hypothermia or panniculitis. It is therefore essential to ensure adequate protection against temperature changes, especially in summer or winter. Babies under the age of 6 months should be kept out of direct sunlight as much as possible.

Antiseptic solutions:

The use of disinfectants with skin hygiene products is not recommended as they cause damage to the skin's microbiological ecosystem and contribute to the proliferation of other types of microorganisms. Also, alcohol is easily absorbed and can cause burns or changes in the pH of the skin.

Navel care:
The umbilical cord usually breaks between 5 and 15 days after birth. Prior to this, the stump could be seen as an infection, and thus a potential entry point for the spores. So it should be kept dry and clean, with no gauze or protection around it. In addition, it is advisable to wear loose-fitting clothes and avoid covering the navel area with diapers. In this case, it is advisable to apply an antiseptic agent to the cord at each diaper change.

Gluteal skin care:

Nappy rash is common and affects most babies at least once. The closed layer environment contains a complex interplay of potentially harmful agents. In this regard, a publication in the Indian Journal of Pediatrics stresses the importance of keeping the area clean and dry. When moisture is retained in the diaper for a long time, friction increases and the skin softens. As well as increased permeability and microbial growth.

Newborn skin care: what to remember?

A baby's skin is very sensitive because it hasn't fully developed its protective barrier. It is necessary to practice some careful hygiene as well as to use certain products.

Whenever possible, it is essential to ensure the integrity of the skin and minimize the risk of allergic reactions or infection. Therefore, aspects such as temperature or the appropriate use of disinfectants and emollients must be taken into account.

How to raise newborn babies and tips for caring for them

Raising newborns:

A newborn baby is very sensitive and you can work with it with some tips:

  • Take care of him with his most accurate movements and details, as this time teaches him to take care of others.
  • Respond to his crying, pain, and looks at you, because these simple movements will take root in him and teach him to respond to you, and later to the needs of others.
  •   Feed him without hesitation when he feels hungry, and hug him when he is afraid, as this will enhance communication between you and strengthen bonds.

Newborn care tips:

For raising newborns, here are some tips:

  • Talk to your child in a soft voice to enhance communication between you.
  • Answer when your child makes sounds by repeating the sounds and adding words, this will help him learn to use language.
  • Sing to your child and listen to music with him, as this helps his brain development.
  • Cuddle your baby, hold him and cuddle him, this will help him feel cared for and safe and strengthen his attachment to you.
  • Pay attention to your child's play and make sure he doesn't touch unsafe things or put them in his mouth.

What are the common mistakes parents make when dealing with newborn babies and how to avoid them?

Common mistakes parents make and how to avoid them:

There are some behaviors that parents may make as common mistakes in raising an infant, such as:

  • Panic of anything and everything, and this anxiety hinders the spontaneity of acting with your child as well as hinders your enjoyment of his first year, and here you should relax yourself a little and not get nervous because most of what happens with your child is very normal.
  • Do not let the child cry, and it is a common mistake as parents think that the child should remain silent, but in fact you have to accept the idea that crying is the way children communicate.
  • Waking up your child at night until he nurses, and this may not be appropriate because your child is asleep and comfortable, so it is more beneficial to leave him until he wakes up by himself.
  • Confusion between spitting and vomiting in a child, and this problem is solved when the child gets used to his character and behavior.
  • Neglecting the care of the child's mouth, and this is one of the mistakes that can be remedied in encouraging your child's oral health habits, such as not putting anything in his mouth.

What is the food of the infant in the first year of his life according to the months?

Baby food in the first year:

We show you in detail what a baby should eat in his first year:

4-6 months:

Breastfeeding.
Single Cereals: Fortified cereals give your baby iron, an important nutrient they need.

6-8 months:

Pureed or strained fruits (bananas, pears, apples, apricots, peaches)
Buttermilk (whole or soy milk).
Mashed or strained vegetables (avocado, carrots, peas, potatoes, pumpkin)
Protein: small pieces of cooked chicken or other meat or boneless fish; kidney beans, lentils, black, red, or pinto beans).

8-10 months:

Pureed fruits and vegetables.
scrambled eggs.
Small cereals, small pieces of soft fruit, cooked pasta or vegetables.
Dairy products: small amounts of cottage cheese or any pasteurized cheese.

10-12 months:

A child can try to eat most foods if they are properly chopped or mashed so that they can safely chew and swallow; Unless you have a strong family history of allergies.
There is no need to avoid peanut, egg, wheat or fish products until after one year.
Avoid whole cow's milk and honey until at least one year old, as honey can cause infant botulism.

How is infant care from one month to a year?

Baby care from one month to one year:

Here is some information on caring for an infant up to one year old:

  • Feeding your baby is a great opportunity for the two of you to bond but it may take some time for you to get used to breastfeeding.
  • For babies 6 months and older, you can start by weaning your baby and trying other foods.
  • It is important to pay attention to your child's health and care through the first immunization vaccinations that he should take.
  • You should pay attention to your baby's habits, try to identify his sleeping and crying patterns, and detect signs of illness.
  • Learn how to keep your baby's skin beautiful and soft.
  • The first year of your baby's development will involve a lot of changes and growth, and you may feel anxious if you notice that your baby is not growing as expected, but rest assured that every baby will grow at a slightly different pace.

What is the infant's food in the first month of his life?

Baby food in the first month:

Here are some important points to consider regarding nutrition:

  • You don't have to set a strict schedule and insist that your baby breastfeed for a set amount of time or take 120ml (120ml) at each feed.
  • During the first month babies show interest in being breastfed and may put their fist in their mouth and start sucking.
  • Crying is a late sign of hunger, and it's easier to get a baby to latch on and feed when he shows early signs of wanting to nurse.
  • You should feed your baby at least every two to three hours on demand, with attempts to breastfeed him eight to twelve times a day.
  • During the first month your baby has to breastfeed day and night, and it can be annoying if your baby is not getting enough to eat.
  • Generally your baby will feed adequately in about fifteen to twenty minutes, and by this time you may feel drowsy or asleep.
  • If your baby is still hungry after feeding, offer him the other breast.
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