Showing posts with label medical errors. Show all posts
Showing posts with label medical errors. Show all posts

Definition and standard of medical error.. Exaggerating error which is not recognized by the assets of the medical and is not recognized by the scholars and workmanship of specialists resulting from negligence, negligence or ignorance

Medical error: It is a gross error that is not recognized by the medical assets and is not recognized by the scientific and workmanship of specialists due to negligence, negligence, ignorance or lack of care by the doctor or medical team treated resulting in damage or death.
Medical error standard:
The criterion by which a doctor's error is measured is an objective criterion that measures the act on the basis of a particular behavior that differs from one situation to another, the usual behavior of the person. In other words, the judge in order to estimate the physician's error in treating a particular patient measures behavior on the behavior of another doctor of the same level, General or specialist.
The standard that is measured by professional error is an objective technical criterion. The criterion of a middle man of art, such as this person, is not permissible to make mistakes when established professional assets and the stable assets of the profession, unless they are the subject of discussion among the owners of this profession. Argument, and then that going out on these unstable assets requires liability.

The rights of the patient.. Rejection of treatment and notification of medical risks as a result. All confidential correspondence and records shall be treated confidentially

Patient's Rights:
- The right of the patient to receive care is assessed and sound with respect.
- The patient has the right to receive from the doctor complete and up-to-date information regarding diagnosis, treatment and the consequences of the disease he suffers from.
- The right of the patient within the limits allowed by law to refuse treatment and to be informed of medical risks because of his refusal.
- The patient has the right to receive due care of his / her privacy with respect to his / her medical care program.
- The patient has the right to expect all correspondence and records relating to his care to be treated confidentially.
- The patient has the right to expect that the hospital must work within its capacity to respond appropriately to the patient's request to receive the services he needs.
- The hospital should provide an assessment of the patient's condition and provide services or transfer the patient as the case requires
- The patient has the right to change the doctor who supervises his treatment if he shows reasonable reasons for his desire to do so.

The rights of the doctor.. The development of systems that ensure the quality of health institutions and their performance in accordance with internationally recognized standards

Doctor's Rights:
- The doctor has the right to provide the society with the means of training and scientific qualification, and the development of systems that ensure the quality and performance of health institutions in accordance with the accepted international standards.
- The doctor has the right to have access to education and continuing medical training.
- The doctor shall be entitled to be treated with due respect and appreciation, to be provided with all the civil rights enjoyed by other natural persons and to refrain from practicing the profession except within the limits of the law.
- The doctor is responsible to the patient for the necessary care and not responsible for achieving healing.
- In the case of the performance of the doctor work for a direct wage may be agreed between him and the patient to link the benefit of the return to obtain a good.
- The doctor may refer the patient for diagnosis or treatment to another doctor or to another health facility in accordance with the regulations governing this transfer.

The error in diagnosis.. Avoid the doctor rush or negligence in the examination and use of all scientific methods of examination, such as analysis of all kinds and radiography

When the patient visits the doctor for the first time, the doctor should examine him and avoid the rush or negligence in the examination, and try to apply his knowledge correctly so as to avoid any error in the diagnosis, the doctor to seek the views of specialists in each case and should also use all scientific methods of examination Such as analysis of all types and radiography.

Radiology errors. Improve the ability of physicians to treat patients with specific diseases such as skin, bone and tumors

Radiology is one of the most important discoveries in medicine, and doctors have helped diagnose more than twice as much as their normal abilities without radiation.
The treatment has had a major role in improving the ability of doctors to treat patients certain diseases, especially skin diseases, bone and tumors.

Surgery errors.. Leave gauze or surgical machine in the abdomen

The most common mistake in surgery is to leave a surgical gauze or surgical device in the abdomen and in this case ask the surgeon and wise to help him during the operation because the assistant doctor brings to the operating table a specific number of surgical instruments and surgical pads given to the doctor for use. After the operation he must follow the tools and the towels he has brought And that the doctor to see if there is a shortage and the doctor should not close the abdominal wound only after the assistant assured him that all the machines and towels have been recovered.
The surgeon's responsibility is confirmed if the procedure is simple and the number of instruments is small. If the patient deteriorates and many tools are used, the error is likely to occur.

Injection errors: The injection of injected material from the vein not to enter the needle head injected whole vein and the appearance of abscess prolonged treatment

In most cases, injection errors occur if the number of patients exceeds one hundred. Therefore, the error is acceptable. The error begins when the injection material is discharged from the vein so that the injected needle head is not fully inserted into the vein. This results in abscesses that prolong treatment and cause problems for the patient.
The experienced doctor can feel whether the tooth is all intravenous or only part of the vein that has entered the vein and may result in this trivial error to the abscess may end amputation of the patient's arm.

Medical Errors: Causes and Causes. Lack of medical potential. Hardware failure. Technical errors. Patient-related errors

Medical Errors: Causes and Causes:
- Communication errors and information transmission is one of the most common causes of medical errors such as the exchange of treatment for a treatment similar to name.
- Lack of information such as delayed arrival of the results of timely analyzes in cases of emergency.
- Patient-related errors Not checking the patient and assessing his condition well.
- Technical errors such as placing a treatment name on another treatment container.
- Failure in devices such as overdose or incomplete treatment.
- Incorrect diagnosis: It may be due to lack of medical information in the treating physician.
- Lack of medical potential: delayed treatment.

Types of error in the medical field.. The normal error (non-professional) that has nothing to do with professional technical assets. Medical error

Medical error can be divided into two types:
1 - ordinary error (non-professional).
 2. Medical error (professional).
A) The normal error (non-professional): This error is not related to the professional technical assets, ie, the error outside the framework of the profession and its technical assets, resulting from human behavior caused merely by violation of the general rules of commitment that all people must adhere to, Resulting from the behavior of the doctor as any person and not from the professional practices carried out by the doctor towards the patient.
B - Medical error (professional): These errors related to the profession in terms of assets and practice, whether simple or complex, and more accurately is the exit of the doctor in his professional and technical behavior of the rules and medical assets required by science and recognized in theory and scientifically in the medical community at the time of implementation work Medical, and may be ignorance or neglect or lack of knowledge and lack of ability.

International statistics on the percentage of medical errors globally .. Not allowed to practice the profession of medicine only by doctors who have a license in medicine

All the countries in the world allow the practice of medicine only by doctors who have a license in medicine.
1 - The percentage of medical errors in America and Canada between 7.5% of the rate of admission of patients to hospitals for hypnosis are the result of medical errors.
2. In Europe, the percentage of medical errors ranges from 6% to 11% of patients' admission to hospital for hypnosis.
3- There are no reliable and strong studies for accurate statistics on medical errors.

Medical work in the jurisprudence.. Every activity that responds to the human body or itself, and agrees in nature and quality with the scientific assets and rules recognized in theory and practice in medicine

The most famous definition of medical work developed by Savatier, which states that medical work is "the work of a person qualified for the healing of others", and the definition here was limited to the healing, commensurate with the history dating back to the middle of the last century.
And another defined him as: «This activity, which corresponds to the manner and circumstances of its relationship with the rules established in the science of medicine, and in itself - in accordance with the normal course of things - to heal the patient, and the origin of medical work to be therapeutic, that is aimed at the elimination or mitigation of disease , Or simply relieve pain, but also such as medical actions aimed at detecting the causes of health or just the prevention of disease ». It is noted that this definition was limited to the technical aspect and related to the fundamentals and rules of the practice of medical science.
The researcher added: "Every activity is a response to the human body or the same, and in accordance with its nature and nature, it conforms to scientific principles and rules that are theoretically and practically recognized in the field of medicine. It is performed by a doctor authorized by law, With the aim of detecting, diagnosing and treating the disease in order to achieve recovery, to alleviate or reduce the pain of patients or to prevent the disease or to preserve the health of individuals or to achieve social interest provided that the satisfaction of those who are doing this work ».
It is noted that the latter definition included the reference to important elements in the composition of medical work:
- Work place: represented in the human body,
- Prescription-based: a doctor,
- The method of doing the work: the approval of the assets and rules of medicine,
- The objectives of medical work: diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases.
It is the definition of an extension of the scope of medical work, following the narrowing of the previous definitions, as well as the reference to the legal element in the medical process, the statement to be made by the physician, and the patient's satisfaction with medical work. However, what is meant by this definition is that the practice of medical work is limited to the doctor only. In fact, as health and medicine developed, medical intervention was necessary for the intervention of other people to practice other branches of medical science and to carry out operations outside the traditional framework of the physician. Exceed diagnosis, treatment and surgical procedures at best.

Recommendations to reduce medical errors .. Medical devices subject to fixed standards and the development of preventive measures to avoid human error

Recommendations:
- Establish a continuous program to reduce medical errors and ongoing awareness of this scope.
- Encouraging employees and auditors in the health sector to report medical errors.
- To find easy means to report medical errors through the Internet and the telephone for communications and paper forms.
- dealing with medical errors in the analysis method to find out the cause of the problem and establish a system for not repeating this error.
- To subject medical devices to established standards and to establish preventive measures to avoid human error.

Confusion of medical errors and complications .. Accidents occurring during the treatment of the patient and may be harmed and may lead to death or the failure of some members or delayed healing

The patient must know what the medical errors and the difference between them and the complications of medical expected and internationally recognized medical complications are those incidents that occur during the treatment of the patient and may suffer from them and may lead to death or the failure of some members or the delay of recovery and not the medical staff caused the occurrence or prevention In several types including anatomical complications where the medical staff has taken the correct procedures and the patient has carried out the instructions in full but there have been additional diseases on the original disease or there was inflammation or non-fusion in the wounds or a complete failure to respond to treatment, the doctor here is not responsible for access to the As long as it is a metaphor and an expert and take the right reasons and make an effort to care for the patient, the subject here is no more than a judge and the ability to be affected or died, the causes of complications are not controllable and the doctor has a way to prevent them.
And there are self-complications so that the patient himself responsible for the occurrence of if not taken treatment and did not comply with the instructions of a doctor, the doctor here is not responsible for shortening the patient as long as he advised him the best therapeutic methods.

Disabilities and medical errors .. A process for a visiting doctor to infect a child with cerebral hemorrhage. Bing injection kills baby Saud

A British medical journal reports that as many as 30,000 people die every year in Britain for medical errors.
Ninety-eight thousand deaths a year due to medical errors in America
Bing injection kills baby Saud
The series of medical errors bloody chapters !!
Operation of a visiting doctor affects a child with cerebral hemorrhage!
The private hospital asks the father of the child to pay 92 thousand dirhams ?!
If the problems that we have dealt with in the past period, the Ministry believes that the judiciary and Qdra and natural things get in the finest hospitals and the hands of the most skilled doctors, what will justify the disbursement of expired medicine ?!

The responsibility of the disciplinary doctor .. The doctor's behavior towards the profession and towards the patients who have been committed by the laws of the profession and legislation related to aspects of advice and honesty

The responsibility of the disciplinary doctor is related to the doctor's behavior towards the profession and to his patients, who are bound by the laws of the profession and its legislations which relate to the aspects of advice and honesty. If he violates these laws, the penalties that may be imposed in the case of professional violations:
1) Alarm.
2) A fine not exceeding ten thousand.
3) Cancellation of the license to practice the profession.

Medical errors of positive responsibility of the criminal doctor in the Saudi system .. Abort pregnant woman without medical necessity. Ending the life of a hopeless patient

The Saudi medical and dental practice system has identified the medical errors that are responsible for the criminal responsibility of the doctor and specified the penalties to be applied in case of such errors:
* Not to refrain from practicing unrecognized diagnostic methods.
* Non-targeted medical work is always patient interest.
* Failure to take the patient's satisfaction with the medical work to be performed.
Ending the life of a hopeless patient.
* Aborting a pregnant woman without medical necessity.
The penalty prescribed for committing these errors:
1) A fine not exceeding fifty thousand.
2) imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months.

Definition of the criminal and disciplinary responsibility of the doctor .. The work performed by the doctor on the face is not allowed

Definition of the criminal responsibility of the doctor:
Is the actions performed by the doctor in an unauthorized manner, then the doctor is criminally responsible for the act he committed, which constitutes a crime in law.
Historical Criminal Development:
Pharaohs: The penalty of medical error may reach the death penalty.
Hamo Rabi Babel: Rabo's mother-in-law put medical laws, including if the doctor caused the death of the man or opened an abscess in the same eye, cutting off his hands.
The Greeks: The penalty for medical error is either physical or financial.
Islam is ancient:
If the patient enters the doctor, he will write a copy of the treatment to the parents of the patient with a certificate of prohibition with him until he is acquitted or dies, the innocent is paid and that his relatives died with copies to the doctor's judge. He says: Take your doctor's medicine from your doctor.
Currently, all countries in the world are allowed to practice medicine only by doctors who have a medical degree.

The stage of medical examination .. Observation of signs and clinical indications as the appearance of the patient and his body to verify the existence of certain signs or phenomena that help in the development of the appropriate diagnosis of disease

Medical examination is the beginning of the effort and the work done by the doctor, and the examination of the health of the patient on an apparent examination, by observing the signs and clinical signs as the appearance of the patient and his body. The doctor may use some medical instruments and equipment such as a medical device and a pressure gauge. The purpose of the examination is to verify the existence of certain signs or phenomena that help the doctor in the development of the appropriate diagnosis of the disease. In the case of inability to access the diagnosis of disease through simple tools, the doctor can resort to more accurate and thorough tests, such as medical analysis, radiation and binoculars.
Based on the above, the medical examination is in two stages:
The first is the stage of preliminary medical examination, in which the doctor uses his hand or ear or some simple equipment, which is necessary before resorting to any treatment.
The second is the stage of complementary medical examination, in which the doctor conducts in-depth tests using modern equipment to show the patient's condition, such as analysis, imaging and planning. This stage is translated into the evidence obtained from the preliminary examination, and the results are extrapolated to the precise diagnosis of the disease.
Failure to perform primary tests before starting treatment or surgery can be a liability. The French judiciary said that preliminary medical examinations for the patient were necessary before embarking on surgery or treatment, and that the negligence of the doctor in conducting such tests was a mistake in his part, which he is responsible for.

Medical work in the Algerian judiciary .. Conduct the necessary medical and biological analysis to complement the diagnosis and to begin to describe the appropriate treatment

The Algerian judiciary has not explicitly expressed its position on the concept of medical work, according to the few or rare provisions that we have obtained, but it is about developing his vision through it.
First, diagnosis is at the core of medical work, which assesses the responsibility of the physician if it is proven that he has been wronged, wronged or denied. In this regard, the Supreme Court ruled on the responsibility of the doctor who injected a patient with insulin without prior analysis of its ability to do so. That is, he did not have a preliminary diagnosis of the type of diabetes infected, and whether treatment requires injections or not.
The Supreme Court also ruled in another decision that the doctor ordered the injection of the patient with Pénicilline, which led to his death is negligence leading to manslaughter, which requires criminal liability according to the text of Article (288)
- The necessary medical and biological analysis is complementary to the diagnostic process and prior to beginning to describe the appropriate treatment, which is therefore part of the medical work. Therefore, the failure to conduct these analyzes is a mistake that places responsibility on the owner. In this regard, the Supreme Court established criminal responsibility for doctors and nurses who transferred the blood to patients without ascertaining his faction and the future acceptance of it, causing the death of victims.
The description of the appropriate treatment and submission to the patient is one of the most famous work by the doctor. In this regard, the Higher Council went to the responsibility of the university hospital "Mustafa Pasha" and to compel him to compensate the patient who was admitted to the hospital because of a fracture in the pelvis and his left wrist. When he accepted, no medical orders were issued, This situation turned days later into a gangrene that required cutting the entire facility. This patient has not received proper treatment from the doctors, causing this negligence in the deterioration of the situation to the worst, which was considered by the Supreme Council a serious error that arranges the responsibility of the hospital facility.
The patient's medical care and medical care is considered a dangerous medical condition. The Supreme Court condemned the drug for not being subjected to artificial respiration despite the fact that it was suffocated after the operation, and did not inject it with medication to remove anesthesia, which led to its death.
- Monitoring the patient and follow up his health are considered medical work. One of the judicial applications included in this is the Supreme Court's responsibility for the manslaughter. After anesthesia, the patient left and was left under the care of another person who was not qualified, which led to the sprain of the oxygen tube and the death of the patient. In another case of medical follow-up, the Supreme Court concluded that the early discharge of the patient after an operation without confirming his or her health was considered negligent and led to the doctor being held accountable.
Following the review of these national jurisprudence, it is clear that the Algerian judiciary adopts a flexible view of the contents of medical work. This view is based on the legislative content of medical work. It expands to include and emphasizes the need for doctors to pay attention to their medical interventions. Is consistent with its jurisprudence with the Health Act that medical work includes the protection and maintenance of human health at all levels and stages of his health.

Medical work in the Egyptian judiciary .. The responsibility of the doctor for his error in diagnosis and treatment does not provide only serious error

The Egyptian judiciary pursued the same path of the French judiciary in its view of medical work. At the beginning of its era, it limited the concept of medical work to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
Egyptian courts have ruled that the doctor's responsibility for his error in diagnosis and treatment only provides serious error. In the same context, the court of Egypt has resorted to the utmost severity in estimating the mistakes of specialist doctors because they have a duty to diagnose, , And this is understood that diagnosis and treatment is at the heart of the work of doctors.
The Court of Cassation also ruled that although the prescription of medicines to apply a correct treatment based on the right of a doctor to practice his profession, he must abide by the law, and therefore the abuse of the right to describe the drug, is not intended to medical treatment, For addicts, it requires accountability.
The development of the concept of medical work in the Egyptian legislation has led to a widening of the concept of medical work and its reflection on the judgments of the judiciary, where it succeeded in extending medical work to include operations, prescription drugs, medical consultations and drugs.
In a relatively recent ruling, the Court of Cassation went on to adopt the legal concept of medical work, considering that no one can practice the profession of medicine and carry out the acts set out in article 1 of Law No. 415 of 1954 in any capacity unless he is a registered doctor with a record Doctors at the Ministry of Health.
It is clear from the foregoing that the Egyptian judiciary has included developments in the scope of medical work, legislative or practical, which is a renewed shop for its case.
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