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Beyond the Common Cold: The Hidden Dangers of Influenza and Its Complications

Influenza: A Common but Potentially Serious Illness

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. While it can be a mild illness in most people, it can also lead to severe complications, especially in high-risk groups.

Symptoms:

Flu symptoms typically include:

Fever.
Cough.
Sore throat.
Runny or stuffy nose.
Muscle or body aches.
Fatigue.
Headaches.
Nausea or vomiting (more common in children).

Complications:

In some cases, the flu can lead to serious complications, such as:

Pneumonia.
Bronchitis.
Heart attack.
Stroke.
Kidney failure.
Sepsis.

Risk Factors:

Certain individuals are at a higher risk of developing severe flu complications, including:

Adults 65 years and older.
Children under 5 years old.
Pregnant women.
People with chronic health conditions (e.g., heart disease, lung disease, diabetes, asthma).
People with weakened immune systems.

Prevention:

The best way to prevent the flu is through vaccination. The annual flu vaccine is recommended for everyone 6 months and older. Other preventive measures include:

Washing your hands frequently.
Covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
Avoiding close contact with sick people.

Treatment:

While there is no cure for the flu, antiviral medications can shorten the duration of the illness and reduce the risk of complications. If you think you may have the flu, see a healthcare provider as soon as possible.

Remember, the flu can be a serious illness, especially for high-risk groups. Vaccination is the best way to protect yourself and others from the flu.

Reducing body temperature:

There are many ways to reduce your body temperature, depending on the severity of the situation and the cause of the elevated temperature. Here are some options you can try:

General Tips:

Stay cool:

Seek out a cool or air-conditioned environment. If possible, take a cool shower or bath.

- Drink plenty of fluids:

Water is the best choice for hydration, but electrolyte-rich beverages like sports drinks can also be helpful if you're sweating a lot.

- Loosen up:

Remove layers of clothing to allow your body to cool down. Wear loose-fitting, breathable clothing made from natural fabrics like cotton or linen.

- Rest:

Avoid strenuous activity, as this will raise your body temperature further. Lie down in a cool place and relax.

Specific Methods:

- Cool compresses:

Apply cool compresses to your forehead, neck, and wrists. You can use ice packs wrapped in a towel or washcloth, or cold water bottles.

- Fans and air conditioning:

Use fans or air conditioning to circulate cool air. If you don't have air conditioning, open windows and doors to create a cross breeze.

- Lukewarm bath or shower:

While cold showers might seem like the best option, they can actually send your body into overdrive trying to warm up. A lukewarm bath or shower can be just as effective at lowering your temperature without triggering the shivering response.

- Evaporative cooling:

Soak a towel in cool water and wring it out. Drape the towel over your body and lie down in a cool place. As the water evaporates, it will take heat away from your skin.

If your body temperature is high (above 103°F) or you are experiencing other symptoms such as confusion, dizziness, or rapid heartbeat, seek medical attention immediately.

Other considerations:

Here are some additional things to keep in mind:

- Avoid alcohol and caffeine:

These substances can dehydrate you and raise your body temperature.

- Avoid hot foods and drinks:

These will add more heat to your body.

Stay out of the sun: Direct sunlight can raise your body temperature further.

- Seek shade:

If you have to be outdoors, stay in the shade as much as possible.

It's important to note that some methods for reducing body temperature may not be safe for everyone. For example, pregnant women and young children should avoid using ice packs directly on their skin. If you have any underlying health conditions, it's always best to talk to your doctor before trying any new methods for reducing your body temperature.

The treatment of anthrax:

Anthrax (anthrax) from bacterial diseases adopted in biological warfare, and use anthrax to infect humans directly and affecting the health and ability has lead him to perdition, and may be used to infect the animal, is a contagious disease sharply affects all animals and humans as well as a very dangerous and deadly, especially for livestock and is caused by bacteria of the type bacillary called (BacillusAnthracis ), And most of their situations, the injuries caused blood poisoning and cause rapid death. And treat anthrax by antibiotics such as penicillin c (Penicillin G) And is the most effective antibiotics in Treat anthrax Malignant . There are other antibiotics effective but even these antibiotics to be effective treatment must be started immediately: Duksysklin Doxycycline Ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin.

Importance of a thermometer:

The thermometer is a must have tool for every mom! Many infant diseases take fever as a primary symptom, so the process of measuring temperature is a process that requires a lot of accuracy to ensure the health of your child.

How do you take your child's temperature?

During the first period of his life, every mother must learn the correct way to use the scale to give an accurate reading that is actually equal to the temperature of your child.

After you have washed your hands and the scale well, put a little Vaseline on the tip of the thermometer and then place it gently on your child's rectum (it is the last part of the large intestine before its end and it extends to the anus). Remove the scale after a few minutes and read the number that appears.

Is there any reason to be afraid?!

When your child's rectal temperature exceeds 37.8 degrees Celsius, it is better for you to consult a pediatrician, but if it reaches 39 degrees Celsius, your child may be in real danger, and it is better to go to the hospital or the doctor's office immediately. As a super mother, you should also know that at this early age for your child, sometimes fever does not represent a strong symptom and an indication of an imminent danger, and therefore you must be careful and alert about any new differences that may occur in your child's health: his skin, his crying and everything that is not. Natural and would raise your suspicions.

What do you do to reduce the fever?

Do not burden your child with too many thick clothes and blankets, keep him in a cool room, and do not forget to breastfeed him as often as possible so that he does not become dehydrated. If you want to bathe him, be careful not to put him in cold water! This could cause heat shock which could have serious consequences for his health. Put him in a bathtub of hot water (about the temperature of your baby) and then add cold water! And do not give him any analgesic or "paracetamol" without consulting a doctor!

Infection of children with influenza in the summer:

Your child may be exposed to influenza in the summer, despite the high temperatures and humidity of the air, but this may happen due to a sudden change from one atmosphere to another, such as when your child is in the hot weather outside and then moves once into the house in an air-conditioned place and becomes infected With a cold, or by sleeping with the fan running all night without a cover, he catches a cold.

Reasons for your child getting colds in the summer:

Air conditioning is the main cause of colds, due to the transition from extreme cold in the house due to air conditioning or to hot weather or vice versa, as the body’s immunity decreases and becomes more sensitive to the air virus, and the sudden change in the atmosphere causes injury to the mucous membranes of the entrances to the respiratory system in the nose and throat that They are the main cause of colds, especially if the air conditioners are not subject to regular maintenance and continuous hygiene.

As well as exposure to the fan all the time after being in very hot places or sleeping and turning the fan directly on your child while sleeping, all of these factors lead to colds in the summer.

Methods of prevention:

Ensure that the room is ventilated with natural air from windows or balconies daily, before and after turning on the air conditioning or fan.
Keep your child away from air conditioning and fans as much as possible, and turn them off a while before going out to equalize the weather outside.
Dress your child in cotton clothes suitable for the weather, so do not add too many layers of clothes because he is sitting in an air-conditioned room, or reduce them very much, and the weather becomes cold for him.
Make sure that your child is not exposed to different temperatures quickly, but the temperatures must be graduated so that his body gets used to it.
Reduce his intake of ice cream during the summer, as it has been proven that it is one of the causes of cold in it.
Make sure that the temperature of the air conditioner is between 25 and 27 degrees Celsius, and the fan is on medium speed only.
Feel your child's limbs from time to time and make sure that they are not hot or cold, and do not put him in a direct position in front of the fan or air conditioner.
Stay away as much as possible from crowded places, where influenza patients can be present, to prevent transmission of infection to him.

Protect children from the heat of the sun:

Children are more sensitive than adults to high temperatures and scorching sunlight, so you must constantly pay attention to providing them with protection and protection at all times. And in this thread.

Tips for protecting children from the heat of the sun:

You can see the most important tips to protect children from the heat.

Wear a hat and appropriate clothing:

You may think that removing children's clothes helps them reduce the intense heat, but the matter is contrary to this belief, as the intense heat that they are exposed to as a result of the sun's rays can cause them many skin problems, so make sure that your children wear their hats that protect their faces from the sun Thin and light clothes that give them coolness and protect them from burns.

Keeping the body hydrated for children:

One of the tips that must be taken into account is to train children's skin to remain resistant to strong heat, so you should be careful to moisturize it constantly and more than once during the day. In this context, water must be used to maintain this moisture, because the use of moisturizing creams for the child's skin can cause him to be allergic.

Drink plenty of water and stay cool:

Make sure to provide large quantities of water and refreshments that refresh the child’s body and protect him from feeling hot, and providing a suitable environment with a moderate temperature is necessary to prevent the child from feeling hot, so you can choose to sit in the shade in nature or prevent the sun from entering the house strongly And adjusting the temperature of the air conditioner to suit the child.

Use of sunscreen creams:

Always make sure that you lubricate your child's entire body with moisturizing cream, and make sure that it has a high degree of protection to protect children's skin from burns. You should also avoid keeping the child in the sun for a long time, but rather set a time for him to play in the sun to avoid its negative side effects on him, and so that he does not feel hot.

Mother's infection with colds and influenza:

The incidence of colds and influenza increases every year with the advent of October until March, which means that many mothers are vulnerable to infection during that period, and thus the ease of transmission to their infants because they still have a weak immune system and depend entirely on the mother.

Precautions you take when you have a cold to protect your baby:

1- Do not come into direct contact with your infant:

A mother with a cold should limit her direct contact with her infant and avoid sleeping with him in the same room, especially in the first four days of the infection, and ask her husband or mother to help her take care of the infant, and during this period she can use a breast pump to ensure that her child on his daily meal of milk.

It should be noted here that if the mother is infected with the flu, breast milk cannot transmit the infection to the infant, and it is also considered safe even if the mother takes antiviral drugs.

2- Use gloves and masks:

If it is difficult for the mother to seek help from someone close to her to help her take care of the infant, she must use gloves and masks every time she is in contact with the newborn, to prevent the spread of germs, especially in the event of repeated coughing and sneezing.

In order for gloves and masks to contribute to preventing the transmission of infection to your infant, they must be used properly, for example, the mask must be changed every 4 hours or when it is very wet.

3- Do not delay in taking treatment:

The mother should start taking the appropriate treatment for the common cold as soon as she feels the initial symptoms, because this step will allow her to limit the disease and recover from it quickly, and will reduce the chances of it being transmitted to the infant.

4- Ventilate the house daily:

It is very important for the mother to be keen to ventilate all the rooms of the house twice a day at sunrise and before going to sleep for 15 minutes, because this process will renew the air in the house and prevent viruses from remaining in it and reduce the chances of their development, which will reduce the possibility of transmission to the newborn.

5- Wash your hands thoroughly and frequently:

Colds spread easily through direct contact with the patient or through the use of his personal tools, so one of the most important ways to limit the spread of infection is to wash hands well with soap and water on a regular basis, and if they are not available, you can use antibacterial gel. Care should also be taken to purify some toys and tools that the infant may touch or put in his mouth.

6- Change the sheets and pillow covers:

When the mother has the flu, the mother should make sure to change the sheets and pillow covers daily while exposing the pillows to sunlight, in order to purify them from viruses, which will speed up your recovery and reduce the chances of your infant catching the flu.

In the end, every mother should be aware that these preventive measures are necessary and important, because children under the age of two are at risk of developing serious complications if they contract the flu, so attention should be paid to them and not to be complacent in their application.

Young children and winter illnesses:

Many mothers suffer throughout the winter from the illness of their children, so that some mothers visit the pediatrician before the start of the winter season, to obtain tips to protect their children during this period, to protect them from the most famous winter diseases that may affect them.

Prevention of winter diseases:

We will show you some tips and habits that will help your child to prevent them during the winter season.
Follow the necessary vaccinations for your child, including seasonal influenza, pneumococcal and bacterial influenza vaccinations, which are among the most important ways to protect your child during the winter season.
Pay attention to the cleanliness of the house and the personal hygiene of your child, especially washing hands frequently during the day, and also wash your hands well with soap and water before meeting his requirements.
Prevent smoking at home, and protect your child from exposure to secondhand smoke.

How to raise the infant's immunity to face winter diseases:

Make sure to raise his immunity by:

Go to bed early and get at least 8 hours of sleep.
Encourage your son to exercise and follow a healthy diet.
Medicines that naturally raise immunity based on the doctor’s prescription, especially if your child suffers from frequent infections during the winter, and are given in the form of a three-month course of treatment at the beginning of autumn.
Giving him iron supplements if he suffers from iron deficiency anemia, because of its important role in raising immunity naturally.
Make your child transition from warm to cold weather gradually, so he does not leave a room with a fireplace directly outside the house.
Separate your child as much as possible from children or adults with respiratory infections.
Consult a doctor with the onset of autumn if your child suffers from seasonal allergic rhinitis or chest, to prescribe the appropriate preventive treatment for you.
Consult your doctor immediately if any of the following symptoms occur:

1- A very high temperature.

2- Severe cough in children or mild in infants.

3- Two approaches with feeding, exertion, or during sleep.

Despite the winter problems that children are exposed to, following the doctor's instructions and applying the previous advice will make you and your child spend a quiet winter away from the doctors' offices.

Child's fever:

There are many reasons that lead to a child’s temperature rising at different times, and this matter greatly worries mothers, as they seek in various ways to reduce the child’s temperature, but they may sometimes be unaware that some of these methods are wrong and harmful to the child’s safety. So here are the most prominent mistakes that mothers make when the child's temperature rises.

Mistakes made by mothers when the child's temperature rises:

One of the most prominent mistakes that mothers make when a child's temperature rises is relying on the palm of the hand to measure and estimate the temperature, which is very wrong and inaccurate, and it does not give you the correct confirmation of the high temperature or not. In this context, mothers must resort to a thermometer that helps determine its temperature in an accurate and correct manner, which helps the child to obtain the appropriate treatment.

Also, mothers often rush to give medicine to the child when his temperature rises, and this is very wrong, as the temperature can be the result of a strong reaction by the body towards a specific component or some defect, so taking the medicine in a random way may worsen the condition . Therefore, no medicine should be given to the child without consulting the specialist doctor.

Also, one of the mistakes that mothers make when the child’s temperature rises is resorting to ice or very cold compresses, and this is very wrong, as it can expose the child to a strong shock as a result of the great conflict between his body temperature and the temperature of the compresses. Therefore, in this context, it is necessary to pay attention to the use of lukewarm compresses that help to reduce the temperature gradually and not quickly.

In addition, many mothers rush to provide antibiotics to the child, which makes his immune system weak and unable to resist all the diseases and viruses that he is exposed to without antibiotics. Therefore, in this case, a doctor should also be consulted who can provide the child with the appropriate and correct treatment according to his medical condition.

High temperature in children:

Fever or high temperatures are common in children, and it is one of the methods that the body adopts to combat diseases and infections. or in the mouth.

High temperature in newborns:

The temperature is considered high for newborns who have not exceeded a month when it reaches thirty-eight point five degrees, and it is a slight rise that can be treated by some household means or medicines, and here we have to learn well how to deal with the issue of high temperature in children, which means that its rise is more than the aforementioned rate It is necessary to go immediately to the hospital or specialist so that we can avoid complications that may occur to the child as a result of the continued high body temperature for a long time.

As for infants aged from one month to eight months, if their body temperature rises above thirty-seven degrees Celsius, we must first monitor the danger signs in order to know whether the child should be taken urgently to visit the doctor or wait a little, and among the danger signs we monitor:

Coma or loss of consciousness in the child.
The occurrence of tremors and spasms at the level of the body.
The body temperature does not drop after drinking the medicine.

In the event that these signs occur, you should go directly to see a doctor. If these indicators are not present, and the child, despite his high body temperature, is still able to move, eat, and other things, in this case, he can wait for a period ranging between one and two days, while taking care to use the medicines regularly. If the temperature does not drop, a specialist should be visited to obtain the appropriate diagnosis and treatment.

Methods of treating high temperatures in children:

There are several treatments for high temperatures in children that can be divided into means to reduce the temperature that precede medications and medical treatments, i.e. medicines, and regarding means of reducing the temperature, we talk in this context about:

Reducing the clothes a child wears when his body temperature is high.
Bathing with lukewarm water helps to reduce body temperature.
The use of poultices, which is an effective way to reduce the temperature of children, but emphasis must be placed on the placement of the poultice, as it must be placed in places where there are major blood veins, such as the bottom of the armpits, the neck, and the groin.

Medicinal solutions:

If these methods do not achieve the desired result and the temperature continues to rise, one should go to the medicinal therapeutic solutions, and here it should be emphasized the need to use paracetamol, as it is able to reduce the temperature in a short period without possible complications. In this context, it is recommended to respect the number of daily doses and the time interval between them, which is the rate of each Six hours, and finally, if the temperature continues to rise despite all these therapeutic solutions, you must go directly to the specialist to detect the cause of the fever and treat it.

Acute fever in children:

Acute fever in children means a temperature rise of more than 38 degrees, which is measured through the outlet opening, and the period of infection does not exceed 5 days in children under two years of age, and 7 days in children over two years of age.

The correct way to take a child's temperature:

The process of measuring normal and normal temperatures in children is done through a digital thermometer through the anus.

As for older children, temperatures can be measured under the armpit with an addition of 0.5 to the rate detected by the thermometer.

Using a thermometer that contains a new technique for measuring body temperature at the level of the forehead or ear, but this thermometer can give wrong temperatures when used in the ear due to the presence of gum.

the reasons:

When a child wears clothes a lot, or when he is in a very warm place, or as a result of dehydration, his temperature may rise, and this does not mean that he has a fever.

But the fever is caused by a type of bacterial or bacterial infection.

Bacterial infections in general, the child's body's immunity is able to confront and eliminate them by taking the appropriate treatment regularly and the child's immunity must be good and his nutrition is sound and his growth is integrated with the importance of breastfeeding

And in this case, the fever can go away after 48 hours.

And this fever may last for more than 25 days, and in this case the child must be hospitalized.

In some cases, bacterial infections can also cause temperatures to rise to 41 degrees.

Bacterial infections cause suppuration of the ears, putrefaction, infections in the urine, or the germ of meningitis in the brain, which is a rare condition, but when a child is infected with it, it has negative results.

This condition requires the use of antibiotics.

Complications:

Acute seizures due to fever and concern children between the ages of 3 months and 5 years as a result of incomplete brain formation.

At the age of between 5 and 6 years, seizures can occur, but to a limited extent

It is not possible to have seizures due to acute fever at the age after 6 years

And if a child at this age has seizures, this is evidence of other health problems, such as infections in the head

There are two types of seizures:

Simple seizures:

requiring 24-hour monitoring.

Complex seizures:

Which lasts more than a quarter of an hour and causes the body to dry out.

An increase in the average temperature between 41 and 42 degrees may result in an effect on the organs of the body, or hemorrhage, brain swelling, and coma.

It is an urgent case that requires going to the nearest medical unit.

treatment:

The treatment is from 38.5 degrees in relation to high temperatures, which is evidence of the onset of acute fever.

You must take the medications prescribed by the doctor, which are in the form of suppositories and a paracétamol drink.

And these medicines can be taken at a rate of every 4 hours for normal cases.

It is used every 6 hours in special cases for children who suffer from dehydration, chronic liver and kidney diseases, and malnutrition.

Antibiotics can only be used in cases of bacterial infections and with the direct consultation of the child's condition to avoid harming his immunity.

advice:

The child must be given the necessary medicine before going to the doctor.

Reducing the child's clothes and room temperatures less than 20 degrees when he has a fever.

Enabling the child to drink as much water as possible, when requested.

When placing a child in water, the temperature of the water should be two degrees lower than the child's body temperature to avoid harming him with cold water, which may result in him having a seizure.

Avoid frequent use of the thermometer in the child's anus to avoid infections.

Children's water needs:

Although it seems easy for us to know the exact and necessary amount of water in children, it is not always the case. How do you define that? Find out more in this article.

Child hydration in the summer is similar to children's water needs in general. But it also has some characteristics. Special situations, such as cases of diarrhea and vomiting, require special attention and, accordingly, more water.

Hydration of the child in the summer and skin care:

Proper hydration of children's skin helps prevent atopic dermatitis. A condition characterized, among other things, by dry skin that can sometimes become damaged and pose a risk of infection.

The Spanish Society of Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Pediatric Asthma (SEICAP) warns of the importance of "moisturizing the skin of newborns to strengthen the skin barrier to prevent the entry of allergens and pathogens, as shown in some preliminary research".

Wetting the baby in the normal position:

Part of a child's hydration on hot days has to do with the way they eat. Even if the water requirements of breastfed babies are met, those who are fed powdered milk or semi-solid purees should get extra water.

Although it seems easy to know how much water babies need, this is not always the case. What are the aspects to consider? Do we measure this quantity as we see fit? Is it better to see a pediatrician?

According to research by Miguel Angel Rodríguez Weber and others: “Special considerations are needed when calculating the water needs of newborns and infants; however, all their water needs must be met with breast milk or milk substitutes.”

Children's fluid requirements can be assessed in terms of calories consumed (100 ml per 100 calories) by weight, or as total fluid intake.

Water needs are generally greater in countries with hot climates and in the case of older children when they have more intense physical activity. However, these needs should not be covered by sugar or energy drinks.”

Some common baby hydration mistakes:

According to a statement by Rodriguez-Weber et al., in newborns:

Complications can arise due to improper preparation of the milk powder bottle: In the event of over-dilution.
This can lead to water intoxication or malnutrition when the bugs are chronic.
When powdered milk is more concentrated than normal, it can cause dehydration and hypernatremia," which corresponds to excess sodium in the blood.

Some signs to identify possible dehydration in a child:

Obviously, it is best to avoid signs or manifestations of dehydration in children. However, when they do occur, early identification can make all the difference. Here are the possible signs that can make us think we are dehydrated:

restlessness, drowsiness, or irritability;
cold or sweaty skin
Very low energy, the child seems lethargic
Few or no tears in crying
Dry mouth or tongue mucous membranes
Decreased urine output, or increased color concentration

The issue of water consumption and needs should not be overlooked. And even less in the summer.

Low water consumption that does not meet the needs is very harmful, as is excessive hydration. Either way can lead to potential harm.

The effect of heat on children:

Babies are particularly sensitive to heat. During this heat wave period, certain precautions are necessary to avoid dehydration and heatstroke. Exposure to excessive heat causes young children to overheat and rapidly lose water from their bodies (60%) which can lead to severe dehydration. Even if heatstroke is possible in winter (due to excessive heating), during summer critical situations are more numerous. If your child is already suffering from diarrhea or vomiting, that is, he is already losing water, then the risk is doubled.

Extreme alertness in the car:

When traveling by car, it is best to travel outside of the main departure times and the warmest hours of the day. The child does not yet know how to ask for a drink, so regularly offer him small amounts of water, and protect him from the sun with a hat and sunscreen. If he's sleeping in a stroller, don't fold the top over him, as this prevents any ventilation and reduces the amount of breathable air. Yes to air conditioning, but not directed directly at the child, I advise parents to sit in the back seats to test this. Above all, take breaks when airing the car out, and never leave her alone in the car, under any circumstances!

No picnic during the hottest hours of the day:

Riding in a stroller are also tricky situations. We think of protecting the baby from the sun by covering the carrycot with a diaper, but this technique increases the temperature of the cabin and prevents air circulation. Lack of airflow exposes the infant to heatstroke. In the event of heatstroke, the disturbances intervene within half an hour, especially if the child does not drink. Parents find themselves in front of a sleepy, listless, hot toddler who loses water through diarrhea and vomiting, but no longer urinates his diaper. Before dehydration occurs with collapse (sudden drop in blood pressure)

The child should be 'recharged' with mineral salts, at the rate of 1 sachet of oral rehydration (available in pharmacies without a prescription) per 200 ml of water, wrapped in a cool cloth in the shade for 24 to 48 hours. Not to use the bath that is supposed to lower the temperature Giving a feverish and sleepy child a medicine that lowers the temperature is more effective and less harmful than immersing him in a cold bath. Of course, if he refuses to drink or remains drowsy after half an hour, hurry to the nearest hospital emergency room.

Sunscreen is essential:

What are the behaviors to be followed in the face of a heat wave? First, in case of exposure (a walk in the city, an afternoon at the beach, a walk in the woods…) use a sunscreen with a maximum index of IP50+. It is necessary to apply it 30 minutes before exposure to the sun, and to repeat the process every two hours, or even every 30 minutes in the case of exposure to strong sunlight. Dozio, rinse well and dry the baby well when he comes out of the water, then give him the cream.

Thirdly, during any fair (including short walks or outdoor games!), prefer the hours when the sun is least "beating" before 11 am and after 4 pm. Obviously, while hiking, it is important to put your child in the shade, under an umbrella or behind a sunblock. You can also make him wear glasses and a sun hat, or even cover him up.

High temperatures in infants and children:

The normal body temperature is in the range of 36 and 37 degrees Celsius, and the temperature is usually low in the morning and then begins to rise gradually during the day. from its height and avoiding its complications on the health of the body.

Primary actions to address hyperthermia in infants:

The physical structure of infants under two years is very fragile in a way that they cannot control their body temperature because the mechanisms for maintaining the balance of body temperature are still immature, so care must be taken in dealing with them and avoiding exposing them to high or very low temperatures. In the event that the child's temperature rises, it is recommended to do a number of natural cooling procedures for the child to reduce his temperature quickly, including placing cold compresses on his head, removing his clothes, and providing large amounts of water, because with the effect of the high temperature, the water in the body evaporates quickly, and it is advised if the infant's body temperature rises sharply and suddenly. Putting them in a bathtub with lukewarm water that tends to cool, and leaving them in that tub for a period of time until their body temperature drops, and these initial procedures must be paralleled with giving infants fever-reducing medicines

Gradual and sudden temperature rise:

The temperature that rises in the body gradually allows the body to adapt to it and produce mechanisms to reduce it. Therefore, its effect is lighter compared to the sudden heat that the body cannot deal with, causing the child to have convulsions or to enter a coma. Therefore, when symptoms of convulsions are observed, the infant must be taken to the hospital quickly to avoid The occurrence of any serious complications to his health. Usually, children show some indicators that confirm the beginning of a high body temperature, including a change in behavior, as the child stops playing and refuses to eat or drink milk, and begins to cry gradually. Detection of high temperature while it is in medium levels, the easier the treatment and the less risk of complications. We mention that in the event of a high temperature of the child, natural cooling procedures must be taken for the child with the provision of medicines, because the drug treatments have a delayed effect compared to other methods of cooling.

Reasons for high temperatures in infants:

The appearance of the teeth:

People usually link the high body temperature of children and diarrhea with the emergence of teeth in infants, but the truth is that the relationship is not direct, but rather an indirect one. When a child is in the stage of eruption of teeth, his immunity is fragile.

It can be noted that during the period of teething, the child's saliva is large, which makes him wet himself and his clothes, which leads to infections for the child in the throat or chest area, and thus a rise in his body temperature. Therefore, it is recommended to put protectors to prevent saliva from leaking into the child's clothes. This is also noticed when the teeth erupt. The infant feels constant itching in the pubic area, so he puts all the objects in his mouth, and it is possible that these objects are not sterile and contain germs that are transmitted directly to the infant's body, which causes him to have diarrhea.

Lots of clothes:

Some parents deliberately clothe the child in many clothes and put him in hot places without ventilation for fear of catching a cold, but this condition may cause him to rise in his body temperature, so the child must always be clothed in clothes that protect him from the cold, but without negligence, while ventilating the place in which he is, but it should not Also, exposing him to large amounts of cold air, because thermal shock will cause him, in turn, to raise his body temperature.

Attention must also be paid to the safety of the food provided to the infant and the cleanliness of the hands that gave him the food, because it may cause him to have a high temperature.

Exposure to germs:

Whenever a child is exposed to germs, his temperature rises, which is an indicator for the body to detect these germs. Heat is also a weapon for the body to fight germs and kill them before they multiply. However, high temperature can lead to disturbances in the health of the infant, which are sometimes dangerous, especially for the integrity of the brain, because it is severe. Impact by various forms of high temperature. Studies indicate that about 80 percent of cases of sudden high temperatures in infants are due to viral infections that are not treated with antibiotics. Therefore, excessive provision of antibiotics to infants whenever their body temperature rises is a serious mistake that has dire repercussions on the safety of the child, as the body contains some Parasitic germs that are not harmful, but rather help in strengthening the body's immunity and preventing harmful germs from leaking to it. It also helps in facilitating the process of digesting food. Excessive consumption of antibiotics may kill these germs and deprive the body of their benefits, which makes its immunity fragile and thus be more susceptible to various diseases. Therefore, we note that infants Those who consume antibiotics in large quantities are always infected with all diseases, and their bodies are rapidly affected because their immune system has become fragile and unable to defend itself. Therefore, it is always advised not to take antibiotics except with medical prescriptions, while respecting the doses and time period prescribed by the doctor.

Take care of children when they have a fever:

Fever is one of the first signs of disease in a child, and it is more frequent in infants. Parents are usually afraid when their children’s temperature rises, but the rise in body temperature is a method adopted by the immune system when a foreign body is detected in the body, which is a germ that may be parasitic or viral. Children are usually associated with viral sepsis, but one must be aware that there are cases where the risk is high for children, either because of a very high body temperature or because of a disease that led to a high body temperature. We also mention that long-term fevers that last for more than 10 days are linked to internal diseases that are not Sariyah requires more accurate disclosures and analyzes, which we will address in the coming articles.

Diagnosis:

A high temperature in children is diagnosed by means of a thermometer, which must be used in certain circumstances to obtain the correct temperature, such as if the child was not wearing much clothes or was doing some physical effort, and when the temperature exceeds 38 degrees, we consider that the child has a fever, and if it is Placing a thermometer under the armpit should be an increase of half a degree from the temperature detected by the scale. If the thermometer is placed in the mouth, it should be increased by 0.4 degrees.

the reasons:

A sharp rise in body temperature in children is usually due to viral infections, either at the level of the digestive system or at the level of the respiratory system, or when infected with a germ in the urine. These causes change with the change in the age of the child. Two years are more susceptible to infection with viruses. There are non-bacterial causes that may be behind the child's high temperature, such as sunstroke, dehydration, or some diseases that affect children, such as Kawasaki's disease. The child's high temperature may also be due to drug poisoning or some vaccinations.

Urgent fever situations:

By urgent fever, we mean the case in which the child has a fever that requires his urgent transfer to the nearest hospital or doctor, and it is the case in which the child is under three months, or the fever is accompanied by other neurological symptoms such as convulsions or sleeping a lot, and the child does not interact while touching him, and he may also be infected The infant especially has an epileptic seizure after having a fever, which requires urgent medical intervention. Some children with a fever may develop other symptoms such as stiffness at the level of the neck, the appearance of red dots in separate areas of the body, or the child’s feeling of pain when touching his hands or feet, which are all symptoms that indicate There is an emergency problem that caused the child's body temperature to rise dramatically, so he must go to the hospital to obtain a diagnosis by a specialist.

How to deal with normal febrile situations:

Children can have a normal fever that does not require urgent transfer to the hospital. Rather, some preliminary measures can be taken to reduce the severity of the high temperature, such as relieving the child’s clothes and ventilating the room in which he is. It is also recommended to use cold compresses that are placed on the forehead or neck to reduce this body temperature. A lukewarm bath can also be prepared for the child to relieve the fever. And in the event that the child’s body temperature does not decrease after all the aforementioned procedures, then he will go to drug treatments, which are mainly through paracetamol drugs that are in the form of liquid or injections that are done in the hospital or in the form of suppositories. For paracetamol, a rate of 60 mg per kg is given, and thus The quantity varies according to the weight of the child, and this quantity is distributed throughout the day at a dose rate every six hours. In addition to paracetamol, there are several other medicines that reduce the temperature, but it must be emphasized that more than one type of medicine should not be given to the child because mixing between medicines can raise the temperature. The possibility of side effects of these medicines on the child. And since the high body temperature is an indication of the child's infection with a disease, it is not enough to reduce the fever only, but it is necessary to visit the doctor to obtain the appropriate diagnosis and, accordingly, the appropriate treatments for the child.

Miscellaneous information:

Viral infections are the main cause of high fever in children
The effects of fever and its complications change with the age of the child
The causes of fever in children may not appear if they are under the age of three months clearly, so care must be taken to carry out all examinations to obtain a proper diagnosis
The use of medicines to reduce body temperature does not aim to treat the child, but rather aims to improve his condition and reduce the effects of fever on him. Therefore, you should always go to a doctor’s visit to obtain appropriate treatments.

Methods of transmission of endemic typhoid fever.. Inhalation of dry excretions of the flea or infected mouse or contamination of the mucous lining of the eye, nose and mouth

Methods of transmission of endemic typhoid fever:

1 - Flea is absorbed from the mouse infected during the fever and with Rickettsia and after 3-10 days of reproduction in the stomach secrete Rickettsia with flea feces, and remains secret throughout his life and the transmission of infection from mouse to mouse and infected mice to humans.

Flea ticks are present in the stomach and not in salivary glands (flea bites). They are excreted with flea feces and enterococcal flea stools into the human body through flea bites or through abrasions that occur as a result of itching.

2 - inhalation of dry excretions of the flea or mouse infected with the disease or infection of the membrane lining the eye / nose / mouth with the pathogen.
Eat foods contaminated with infected mouse secretions, especially urine.

3 - Infection from one person to another rare occurrence and the human flea through the Pulex irritants or human lice and it acts as a source of infection for humans.

4- Endemic disease in places where there are large quantities of mice and therefore spread in the ports and places to store foodstuffs shops selling food.

Treatment of rheumatic fever.. Complete bed rest. Taking aspirin pills and cortisone pills

Treatment of rheumatic fever:

- Dealing with the onslaught of fever full rheumatic comfortable in bed until fever gone completely, and returns the number of heart and ECG and ESR to normal.

- The patient is given aspirin pills, may be needed to give cortisone pills.

Foot and mouth disease.. A viral disease that affects animals with a cleft lip

A highly pathogenic viral disease that affects the animals of the clove and causes large economic losses to the productivity of the infected animal (lack of milk production, fever, months of animal growth, mastitis, miscarriage) and infection.
Pathogen: FMD virus, which has at least seven known species A, O, C, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3, ASIA1. These species include dozens of strains with different antibody and immunological properties. The virus is affected by special disinfectants, caustic soda, acids, and sunlight.

Sources and reservoirs of FMD infection.. Vesicles in the mouth, foot, and contaminated rat stools for food and drink

Sources of infection:
1. Sick lesion (vesicles) located in the mouth and foot.
2. Milk from the infected animal.
3. Mice secrete the virus in their faeces and contaminate food and drink without symptoms.
Infection repositories: cattle, pigs, sheep, infected goats.

Methods of transmission of foot-and-mouth disease.. Direct contact with salivary secretions or contaminated instruments through wounds and abrasions

Methods of transmission:
1. Eat raw milk, butter or cheese made from infected animals.
2. Direct contact with salivary secretions or contaminated instruments through wounds and abrasions, especially slaughter workers and farms during slaughter and meat processing.