Showing posts with label Animal tissue. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Animal tissue. Show all posts

The Guardian Shield: Exploring the Protective Role of Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue in the Human Body

Stratified squamous epithelial tissue:

Stratified squamous epithelium is a type of epithelial tissue composed of multiple layers of flattened cells, forming a strong, protective barrier on the body's surface.

Key characteristics:

  • Multiple layers: Unlike simple squamous epithelium with only one cell layer, stratified squamous epithelium has several layers, providing increased protection.
  • Flattened cells: The cells are flattened and tightly packed, resembling scales, offering a barrier against friction and external damage.
  • Keratinization (optional): In some types of stratified squamous epithelium, the outermost layers undergo keratinization, a process where cells die and fill with keratin, a tough protein, for additional protection. This is seen in the outermost layer of the skin (epidermis).

Functions:

- Protection:

The primary function is to protect underlying tissues from:
  • Physical damage: The multiple layers and flattened cells form a strong barrier against friction, abrasion, and other physical stresses.
  • Chemical insults: The tight junctions between cells help prevent harmful substances from entering the body.
  • Pathogens: The barrier hinders the entry of microorganisms like bacteria and viruses.

- Waterproofing:

In some locations, like the skin, the stratified squamous epithelium helps prevent excessive water loss from the body.

Locations:

- Epidermis (outermost layer of skin):

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium provides the primary protection for the body's surface.

- Oral cavity (lining):

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium lines the inside of the mouth, withstanding friction from chewing and speaking.

- Esophagus:

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium lines the esophagus, allowing food passage while protecting underlying tissues.

- Vagina:

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium lines the vagina, providing protection during intercourse and childbirth.

Overall, stratified squamous epithelium plays a crucial role in safeguarding the body from various external threats, making it a vital component of the integumentary and other systems.

Histological sections.. Cross sections. Longitudinal sections. Cross sections

Histological sections:
It is necessary to make sections of the body with a thickness suitable to know the status of different organs in the body and its composition, these sections fall within different levels, suffice here to mention only three types:
1- Cross-Transverse sections (C.S, T.S, XS). The cutting level is vertical on the longitudinal axis of the body.
2- Longitudinal sections (L.S). The level of the pieces is parallel to or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body.
3- Perpendicular sections (P.S.) Where the level of cutting vertically on the surface of the body to be taken sections.
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Histological sections of different tissues affected by the WSSV. to. Gill lamellae with multiple inclusion bodies, hypertrophied cells and some fragmented nuclei are observed (arrow). b. Lick her gill presenting a centronuclear inclusion body, there is a clear halo between the inclusion body and the nuclear membrane, easily confused with the IHHNV virus. c. Antenal gland in a heavily infected animal, most cells have inclusion bodies in hypertrophied nuclei. d. Stomach epithelium, section subjected to in situ hybridization with specific probes for the virus. Dark nuclei have a positive signal to the virus. and. Section of hepatopancreas, subjected to in situ hybridization, this organ has no affinity for the virus, in severe cases of infection, positive cells are observed in the intertubular spaces. Epithelial cells are not affected. F. Hepatopancreas capsule, hypertrophied nuclei are observed, with two inclusion bodies.
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Os Histological cuts are the main instrument for or study of anatomical and histological characteristics of two vegetais. To carry out the need for the sheet, brush and plant material that will be used for visualization, other than all or laboratory equipment: optical microscopy, petri dishes, sheets and laminulas, hypochlorite and corant (fuxin, lugol, among others)
Or procedure, the objective of which is to make cuts of escolhidas or thinner structures, transparent possível to allow observation of all the tenses that they form.

The main cuts are:

 -Transversal:
Horizontal and total cut. Deep or enough to allow observation of two internal tecidos.

- Longitudinal:
Vertical and total cut made in the middle of vertical direction. It allows visualization of internal tecidos.

Paradermal:
Horizontal and superficial cut, allowing for observation of external tecidosis.

Or procedure for the realization of six cuts and faith in six stages:

- Initially performed or cut:
É aconselhado se fazer replicas and escort you more transparent

- Deposit or cut in petri dish with water:
Isso lets you know that the court doesn't desidrate
Deposit or cut in hypochlorite for 2 min. => Assim a clean cut. Apos must be withdrawn or excessive in water.

- Cook or cut for 2 min:
This stage is carried out with a specific corant, seja fuxin (for cores lignin) seja lugol (for cores amido). Apos must be deposited or cut to water to throw or excess of corante.
Deposit or court na lâmina;
Cover or cut with the laminula:
in position of 45º.
Após this procedure or cut is soon to be observed not microscopic optical.

Histology.. Tissue or epithelial tissue. Tissue or connective tissue. Muscle tissue. Nervous tissue

Histology is a science that specializes in studying the different tissues that are involved in the structure of the organism.
Fabric: A group of cells that are somewhat similar, accompanied by an intercellular substance that may be few or many, and tissue cells have their own function.
Animal tissues include four main types:
1- epithelial tissues or epithelial tissues
2 - connective tissue or connective tissue
3- Muscular tissues
4- Nervous tissues.

The tissue is the cellular regulatory level, the mediator between cells and whole organisms.
The tissue is an integrated set of similar cells of the same origin that carry a specific function. Members consist of a functional group of tissues.
Histology is known as histology and when it comes to diseases, it is called histopathology or pathology.
The classical tools for tissue study are paraffin block (which includes tissue and then cut) tissue dyes and optical microscopy.
In the past two decades the electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and also have been used cut from frozen tissue that enhanced the details associated with fabric synthesis. Using these tools classic features in tissue can be tested or examined in health, disease and the ability to improve clinical medical diagnoses.
Animal tissues can be classified into: connective, musculoskeletal, neurological and epithelial tissues.
Multilayered tissues represent members and structures of the body.
While all animals can be considered to contain all four tissues.
Appearance of these tissues can vary depending on the type of organ.
For example, the origin or source of cells consists of a special tissue that may vary in growth in different animal species.
The epithelial tissue in all animals is derived from exogenous and endothelial tissue with a simple contribution of the mediocre epithelium. This is the epithelial tissue
A special type of epithelial tissue that composes blood vessels.
In contrast the real epithelial tissue is present in one layer of cells linked to each other by an intersection called a narrow intersection to create an optional electrification barrier.
This fabric covers all surfaces related to the environment such as skin and digestive system.
This tissue works on absorption, excretion and protection and is also separated from other tissues by the basal plate.

Epithelial tissues.. The three embryonic strata, ie, acetoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. A sheet of cells covering the outer surfaces or lining the inner surfaces

Epithelial tissues:
These tissues originate from the three embryonic strata, Ectoderm, Endoderm, and Mesoderm. These tissues are located in a layer of cells covering the outer surfaces or lining the internal surfaces. The primary function is to protect the surfaces covered and the surfaces that lining them, and what is specialized in other ways to perform other functions such as absorption and excretion and transfer of materials.
The epithelial tissue is generally composed of one or more cells, a basement membrane on which the cells are based and an intercellular substance that is very few.
Division of epithelial tissues
The epithelial tissues can be divided into two parts:
3 - depending on the number of layers of fabric.
3- Depending on the shape of the tissue cells.

Simple squamous epithelial tissues.. Spherical shape and spherical or oval nucleus are present at the center of the cell causing a slight rise at the center of the cell

Simple squamous epithelial tissues:
The shape of the cells in the vertical segment (P.S) is spherical and the spherical or elliptical nucleus is in the center of the cell, causing a slight rise at the center of the cell giving the spherical shape of the cells.
This type of tissue is found in the lining of the mouth, the wall of the Bowman purse and also lining the blood vessels.

Simple Cuboidal epithelial tissues.. Thyroid follicles. Sub-tubular lining of the kidney

Simple Cuboidal epithelial tissues:
The cells appear square in the vertical section (P.S) of this tissue and the nuclei are spherical, and in the case of cross sections (T.S) the shape of the cells are polygonal and may appear nuclei or not shown by the location of pieces (passage of the cutting blade) at the level of the nucleus or far away.
This type of tissue is found in the follicles of the thyroid glands, as well as lining the distal tubules of kidney.

Simple columnar epithelial tissues.. The lining of the air and nasal passages. The lining of the stomach and intestines

Simple columnar epithelial tissues:
Rectangular cells appear in the vertical sections (P.S). The nuclei can be seen with a base position (near the cell bases) and as in the spherical tissue may appear or not appear in the cross sections (T.S) for the same reason mentioned.
The end of these cells may be fitted with cilia. The epithelial columnar epithelial tissue, as in the lining of the Bronchioles in the nose, may be non-fringed as in the stomach lining of the stomach and intestine.

Psudeostratified epithelial tissues.. Vertical cells. Stem cells. Basic cells. Eucalyptus cells. salivary glands. Male urethra

Psudeostratified epithelial tissues:
This tissue appears as if it is made up of several layers, but in fact consists of a single row of cells based on one membrane. However, the presence of nuclei at different levels and the lack of access of some cells to the free edge of the tissue gives the texture an applied appearance Of more than one layer).
There are three types of cells in this tissue are:
1- Columnar cells
2. Fusiform cells
Basal cells
These three species have another type of cell known as Goblet cells.
This tissue may also be as festering as in trachea trachea, as well as may be unguarded as in the lining wall of the ducts of some large glands such as salivary glands and in parts of the Urethra male urethra.

Stratified columnar epithelial tissue.. Polygonal cells are smaller than surface cells with round nuclei

Stratified columnar epithelial tissue:
The surface layer cells of this tissue appear in the vertical vertical (PS) sections with oval nuclei. The cells of the layers beneath them are polygonal and smaller than the surface cells with round nuclei. The cells of the basal layer are cubic or vertical and when the tissue is encased in cilia, Stratified columnar ciliated epithelial tissue This tissue is found in the larynx larynx.

Transitional epithelial tissue.. When the bladder is empty, the cells of the surface layer take rounded and parietal forms instead of being squamous

Transitional epithelial tissue:
This tissue is similar to the non-corneal squamous epithelium when it is stretched or stretched. This tissue is present in the urinary bladder. When the urinary bladder is filled with urine, the tissue is stretched or stretched. The cells of the superficial layer take a spherical shape, When the bladder is empty, the surface layer cells take rounded and paracellular forms instead of being squamous. The middle layer cells are polygonal and polygonal, whereas the basal cells take small, short polygonal shapes. The number of layers in the case of the extension of the tissue less than in the case of contraction.

Connective tissues.. Mesenchymal tissue that arises from the middle embryonic layer. Weave fabric

Connective tissues:
The connective tissues form a tissue called mesenchymal tissue, which in turn originates from the Mesoderm mesenchyme. In addition to the connective tissue function in connecting the different parts of the body to each other, it also acts on assigning different parts of the body. It is also sometimes called supporting tissue tissue.
The link fabric is made up of three main components:
1- Cells.
2- Fibers.
3- a lot of basic material Grand substance.

Mast cell.. In the connective tissue and near the blood vessels. Cell cytoplasm is filled with large, small, dark-colored pigments that are dyed with basal dyes

Mast cell:
They are also present in the connective tissue and near the blood vessels. This cell is oval but has irregular borders. The nucleus is centrally located and small in size compared to the cell size. It is difficult to distinguish it because the cell cytoplasm is filled with large, small dark grains that are dyed with basal dyes.

Some cell types.. Big bucks. Plasma cell. Fatty cell. The bulbous cell. Melanocytes. Medium tissue cell. Retinal cell. White blood cells

There are many types of cells including:
1- Large macrophage macrophages
2- Plasma cell
3- Fat cell: The cell is characterized as spherical shape with a compressed nucleus on the side of the cell, and this cell contains a large gap that appears empty under the microscope and occupy almost the whole cell except for a thin layer of cytoplasm where the nucleus is located.
4 - the pigmented cell (pigmented) Pigment cell Melanocyte Melanocytes
5 - mesenchymal cell.
6- Reticular cell retinal cells are characterized by their protrusions that correlate with neighboring cell projections.
7 - White blood cells Leukocytes.

Reticular fibers.. Young egg fibers that are not fully formed can be observed in the lymph node

Reticular fibers:
Thin fibers that branch out and intertwine their branches form a network. They appear under the electronic microscope composed of fibrous fibers similar to white fibers. This is why they can be thought of as young fibers that are not fully formed. This type of fiber is the first type of fiber to appear in the fetus. In the lymph node.
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