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Tuberculosis.. Chronic disease caused by infection with TB germs infect different parts of the body, mainly the lungs

Tuberculosis:

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection that usually affects the lungs. It is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

TB can spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The bacteria can travel through the air and be inhaled by other people.

TB can also spread through contact with infected bodily fluids, such as sputum (spit) or blood. However, this is less common.

TB can be cured with antibiotics, but it is important to start treatment early. If TB is not treated, it can become serious and even fatal.

Symptoms of TB:

The symptoms of TB can vary depending on the stage of the disease. In the early stages, TB may cause no symptoms at all. However, as the disease progresses, symptoms can develop, including:

Coughing that produces mucus (sputum) that may be bloody.
Chest pain.
Shortness of breath.
Night sweats.
Fatigue.
Weight loss.
Loss of appetite.
Fever.

Diagnosis of TB:

TB is diagnosed through a combination of tests, including:

Chest X-ray: A chest X-ray can show signs of TB infection in the lungs.
Sputum test: A sputum test is used to look for TB bacteria in the mucus produced by the lungs.
Skin test: A skin test is used to see if the body has developed an immune response to TB bacteria.

Treatment of TB:

TB is treated with a combination of antibiotics. The length of treatment depends on the severity of the infection.

People with TB are also advised to stay home from work or school until they are no longer contagious.

Prevention of TB:

There is no vaccine to prevent TB. However, there are a number of things that people can do to reduce their risk of infection, including:

Getting vaccinated against TB:

There is a vaccine called Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) that can help to protect against TB. However, the BCG vaccine is not very effective against adult TB.

Avoiding contact with infected people:

If you are exposed to someone with TB, it is important to get tested for TB.

Practicing good hygiene:

This includes washing your hands frequently and covering your mouth when you cough or sneeze.

If you think you may have TB, see a doctor right away. With early diagnosis and treatment, TB is a curable disease.

Drugs for TB Anti-tuberculosis Drugs

It is anti-TB drugs isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin (all of which are fatal to germs) and ethambutol (which is bacteriostatic) used in various combinations as part of treatment regimens recommended by the World Health Organization.

An additional medications backup anti-TB drugs (amikacin, acid p aminosalicylic, capreomycin, ciprofloxacin, cycloserine, ityonamid, Kanamycin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin) for the treatment of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) must be used in specialized centers to meet standards of the World Health Organization to control tuberculosis.

Isoniazid ( (Isoniazide This medication is one of the deadly microbe drugs for tuberculosis, works through its effect on the DNA (DNA ) And also affect the acid Almikolk and affect the microbe inside and outside the cell.

rifampin (Rifampin ) And therefore is used in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus (Staph ) And therefore is used in the treatment of gonorrhea (Gonorhoea ) And meningitis (Meningitis ) And is used in the treatment of tuberculosis (Tuberculous B .) And chlamydia (Clamydia ) And is used in the treatment of viruses(Viruses ) And treatment of leprosy (Leprosy ) And this works counter on DDT. N. A (DNA . ) And absorbs fully absorbed from the intestine and is ejected by the liver and small amounts through the urine and can cross the brain barrier and works to the spinal cord.

Alastrepettomitin Streptomycin The Alastrepettomitin cornerstone treat pulmonary Aldran a less effective (isoniazid) is the killer of microbes, but in the case of tuberculosis And affects the formation of proteins.

Alaithambetol / Ethambutol This is the opposite of antibiotics deadly microbe tuberculosis and works by the impact to be DNA (RNA ) And is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is implemented through the checkpoint through the brain, but in the presence of inflammation of membranes meningitis.

Poor impact on tuberculosis microbe. So with the other drugs used to prevent immune 0, with rifampin does not give because it affects the absorption in the digestive tract.

kanamycin Kanamycin Ayyoumesen Viomycin Alcabarbomitin Capreomycin These antibiotics used in the case immune to other drugs a potent and similar side effects and these drugs will lead to adverse impacts on the hearing and kidney and Ayyoumesen leads to a change in sensitivity blood salts given with streptomycin.

Towards a first non-antibiotic drug treatment

With nearly 10 million cases worldwide and 1.7 million deaths, tuberculosis (TB) remains the second leading cause of death linked to a single infectious agent. Multi-resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MR-TB) to antibiotics is also known. After 50 years of no development of new anti-tuberculosis drugs, these scientists have developed the first non-antibiotic drug capable of effectively treating tuberculosis, at this stage in animals. The researchers, who publish their work in the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, hope to be able to move into clinical trials within 3 to 4 years.

For more than 60 years, the only drugs doctors have had available to fight TB are antibiotics. But resistance is becoming an increasingly serious problem and prolonged treatment is difficult and painful for patients: they are forced to take a cocktail of powerful antibiotics for 6 to 8 months, with frequent side effects and a risk 20% resurgence. 10 years of painstaking research have enabled the development of this candidate which targets the defenses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis rather than the bacteria itself and, in this way, can eliminate its most antibiotic-resistant strains.

The candidate reduces the bacterial load in animals:

the team from the University of Manchester (UK) and Rutgers University (US) is testing the drug here in guinea pigs with acute and chronic tuberculosis infection. And the compound, which does not kill bacteria directly, results in a remarkable reduction in bacterial load, explains lead author Prof. Lydia Tabernero: “ With current treatments, there is no guarantee that the disease will be eliminated: antibiotics do not do not eliminate the infection and the risk of becoming infected with drug-resistant bacteria remains very high. But by deactivating the defenses of these bacteria, we have the opportunity to improve the efficiency of the immune system and thus eliminate the pathogen ”.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis secretes virulence factors

the cell's secret weapon that blocks the immune response to infection. However, a virulence factor called MptpB proves to be an appropriate target here because, when it is blocked, the white blood cells can “do their job” and more effectively eliminate Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. In addition, blocking MptpB does not cause any toxicity for human cells. Finally, since the bacterium is not directly threatened, it is less likely that it will develop resistance against this new agent.

According to the authors, they have a significant step forward, the next step of which will be to optimize the compound in order to be able to conduct the first clinical trials within 3 to 4 years.

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