Anti-pollution methods are a generic term that involves steps aimed at reducing the transmission of microbial infections to patients while caring for them. These methods are divided into two main types: methods that prevent medical contamination involving outpatient care procedures, and surgical methods aimed at preventing the spread of infection to surgical locations. Contamination methods are followed to reduce infection following patient medical procedure as well as to prevent the transmission of infectious microbes to health providers.
Showing posts with label Anti-pollution. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Anti-pollution. Show all posts
Neglecting anti-pollution methods, raising disease and death rates. Transfer of blood-borne microbes such as hepatitis C virus and HIV / AIDS
Anti-pollution methods are a set of practices that must be followed before, during and after medical and surgical procedures.
Incompetent infection control programs, hospital infection due to poor application of anti-pollution methods is a public health problem. In the United States of America, infection of surgical sites is the third most common infection in Hospitals reported 14% to 16% of all infections in hospitals. In Egypt, there are no data on infection rates of surgical sites, but some sources of information show poor application of anti-pollution methods during some procedures External contamination of intravenous fluids in intensive care units, obstetric kiosks and rooms, and in dialysis centers. These studies have shown that non-adherence to anti-pollution methods occurs during the preparation stages and throughout the treatment phase with intravenous solutions. Pollution is related to the transport of blood-borne microbes such as hepatitis C virus and HIV.
It is essential that all health facilities implement pollution prevention methods and that the team on which the trainee is based is highly competent. It is also important for the staff to know why pollution prevention methods are used. It is also essential that the unit manager To provide the necessary equipment and tools for such methods. Supervision and follow-up of infection control activities is an essential element in the prevention of infection.
Incompetent infection control programs, hospital infection due to poor application of anti-pollution methods is a public health problem. In the United States of America, infection of surgical sites is the third most common infection in Hospitals reported 14% to 16% of all infections in hospitals. In Egypt, there are no data on infection rates of surgical sites, but some sources of information show poor application of anti-pollution methods during some procedures External contamination of intravenous fluids in intensive care units, obstetric kiosks and rooms, and in dialysis centers. These studies have shown that non-adherence to anti-pollution methods occurs during the preparation stages and throughout the treatment phase with intravenous solutions. Pollution is related to the transport of blood-borne microbes such as hepatitis C virus and HIV.
It is essential that all health facilities implement pollution prevention methods and that the team on which the trainee is based is highly competent. It is also important for the staff to know why pollution prevention methods are used. It is also essential that the unit manager To provide the necessary equipment and tools for such methods. Supervision and follow-up of infection control activities is an essential element in the prevention of infection.
High-risk interventions leading to transmission of infection. Give intravenous or intravenous injection. Preparation of intravenous solutions. Wound Care
The high-risk and infectious interventions are:
- The introduction of drugs or devices within sterile places of the body, such as the installation of an intravenous infusion system or the installation of a catheter. Or give intravenous or intravenous injection. Or use multi-dose packages.
- During the preparation of intravenous solutions.
- Wound care.
- The introduction of drugs or devices within sterile places of the body, such as the installation of an intravenous infusion system or the installation of a catheter. Or give intravenous or intravenous injection. Or use multi-dose packages.
- During the preparation of intravenous solutions.
- Wound care.
Basic elements of application of anti-pollution methods for medical interventions. Use of non-contact method when inserting sterilized elements inside the patient's body
Key elements of application of anti-pollution methods for medical interventions:
- Wash your hands with gloves.
- Cleansing the entire skin of the intervention.
- Preserving the sterilization of the elements used (medicines, fluids, and devices) by preventing their exposure to non sterile surfaces. And not reuse if they are unused.
- The non-contact method should be used when sterile elements are inserted into the patient's body. This means that the hands will not be touched to the area where this element will be inserted after clearance. And not to contact any surfaces of the surrounding environment after the disinfection of hands, and must be maintained sterilization of all the joints and devices not to be exposed to the hands other than the disinfectant used for it should also be cleared the entrance of the package of drug taken injections before the introduction of syringe.
- Wash your hands with gloves.
- Cleansing the entire skin of the intervention.
- Preserving the sterilization of the elements used (medicines, fluids, and devices) by preventing their exposure to non sterile surfaces. And not reuse if they are unused.
- The non-contact method should be used when sterile elements are inserted into the patient's body. This means that the hands will not be touched to the area where this element will be inserted after clearance. And not to contact any surfaces of the surrounding environment after the disinfection of hands, and must be maintained sterilization of all the joints and devices not to be exposed to the hands other than the disinfectant used for it should also be cleared the entrance of the package of drug taken injections before the introduction of syringe.
Contraindications: Contamination of sterile solution with insufficient disinfection of insertion or reuse of syringes or disposable needles
There are many medical interventions that need anti-pollution methods to prevent transmission of pathogens.
Contraceptive methods are followed in all deep medical interventions. The method of handwashing and the type of protective clothing required vary according to medical intervention. Infection occurs as a result of the behavior of health service providers who neglect the basics of anti-pollution methods such as contact with a sterilized device with a sterile surface, Sterile with insufficient disinfection of the insertion area, or reuse of syringes or disposable needles (once used and discarded).
Contraceptive methods are followed in all deep medical interventions. The method of handwashing and the type of protective clothing required vary according to medical intervention. Infection occurs as a result of the behavior of health service providers who neglect the basics of anti-pollution methods such as contact with a sterilized device with a sterile surface, Sterile with insufficient disinfection of the insertion area, or reuse of syringes or disposable needles (once used and discarded).
Endotracheal catheterization (in both hands and legs) Routine washing with soap and water, washing hands with alcohol or doing a sanitary wash in the case of treating patients who are immune
- Example:
Intravenous therapy
- Hand hygiene:
Routine washing with soap and water, (hands are rubbed with alcohol or a wash is done in the case of patients with low immunity and in high risk places).
- Personal condoms:
It is recommended to use one-use clean gloves. (Sterilized gloves are used in the case of treating vulnerable patients and in high-risk places).
- Skin preparation:
Fast-acting disinfectants are used (alcohol can be used with the skin completely cleaned).
- Important steps:
* Follow the non-touch method.
* A sterile bandage should be placed after injection.
* Intravenous catheterization:
. If there is any sign of an infection or if it is no longer needed.
. After a period of 72 - 96 hours at most.
Intravenous therapy
- Hand hygiene:
Routine washing with soap and water, (hands are rubbed with alcohol or a wash is done in the case of patients with low immunity and in high risk places).
- Personal condoms:
It is recommended to use one-use clean gloves. (Sterilized gloves are used in the case of treating vulnerable patients and in high-risk places).
- Skin preparation:
Fast-acting disinfectants are used (alcohol can be used with the skin completely cleaned).
- Important steps:
* Follow the non-touch method.
* A sterile bandage should be placed after injection.
* Intravenous catheterization:
. If there is any sign of an infection or if it is no longer needed.
. After a period of 72 - 96 hours at most.
Preparation of liquids and drugs given intravenously .. Sterilization of the place of entry of syringes and needles in bottles of solutions and containers of drugs using alcohol
- Example:
Add medication to intravenous fluids.
- Hand hygiene:
Routine washing using soap and water, (the hands are called alcohol or the washing is done in the case of dealing with patients with low immunity and in high-risk places).
- Personal condoms:
It is recommended to use one-use gloves. (Sterilized gloves are used in the case of treating vulnerable patients and in high-risk places).
- Skin preparation:
Quick-acting disinfectants are used to disinfect the insertion area if necessary.
- Important steps:
• The use of a special area clean away from biological materials and contaminants easy to clean the surface.
• It is recommended to sterilize the place of entry of syringes and needles in the bottles of solutions and containers of medicines using alcohol.
• Use a new sterile syringe and a new and sterile needle each time any addition or withdrawal is made from the solution flask or injectable drug packs.
• Use a sterile solvent to prepare the medicine.
• Mixing solutions in preterm infants is a serious procedure that requires maximum care (for more details, refer to the section on preterm or premature infants units in Part 2).
Add medication to intravenous fluids.
- Hand hygiene:
Routine washing using soap and water, (the hands are called alcohol or the washing is done in the case of dealing with patients with low immunity and in high-risk places).
- Personal condoms:
It is recommended to use one-use gloves. (Sterilized gloves are used in the case of treating vulnerable patients and in high-risk places).
- Skin preparation:
Quick-acting disinfectants are used to disinfect the insertion area if necessary.
- Important steps:
• The use of a special area clean away from biological materials and contaminants easy to clean the surface.
• It is recommended to sterilize the place of entry of syringes and needles in the bottles of solutions and containers of medicines using alcohol.
• Use a new sterile syringe and a new and sterile needle each time any addition or withdrawal is made from the solution flask or injectable drug packs.
• Use a sterile solvent to prepare the medicine.
• Mixing solutions in preterm infants is a serious procedure that requires maximum care (for more details, refer to the section on preterm or premature infants units in Part 2).
Give injectable drugs .. Use of quick-acting disinfectants Alcohol can be used with thoroughly cleaning the skin in intravenous or intramuscular injections
- Example:
Intravenous or intramuscular injection.
- Hand hygiene:
Routine washing with soap and water, (hands are called alcohol or healthy washing is done in the case of patients with low immunity and in high risk places).
- Personal Lockers:
Use clean, one-use gloves. (Sterilized gloves are used in the case of treating vulnerable patients and in high-risk places).
Immune injection can be done without gloves.
- Skin preparation:
Quick-acting disinfectants are used and alcohol can be used with thoroughly cleaning the skin.
- Important steps:
• Clean the rubber hole with alcohol before inserting the needle.
• Regarding ampoules and packages with multiple injection doses:
o Use a new syringe and needle (syringe) and sterilize each time the IV is injected.
o Do not use a syringe previously used to inject a patient into a new medicine vial or to inject another patient.
• Eliminate ampoules immediately after use once.
• Never use open ampoules in advance.
• Follow the manufacturing guidelines for storage and disposal methods.
Intravenous or intramuscular injection.
- Hand hygiene:
Routine washing with soap and water, (hands are called alcohol or healthy washing is done in the case of patients with low immunity and in high risk places).
- Personal Lockers:
Use clean, one-use gloves. (Sterilized gloves are used in the case of treating vulnerable patients and in high-risk places).
Immune injection can be done without gloves.
- Skin preparation:
Quick-acting disinfectants are used and alcohol can be used with thoroughly cleaning the skin.
- Important steps:
• Clean the rubber hole with alcohol before inserting the needle.
• Regarding ampoules and packages with multiple injection doses:
o Use a new syringe and needle (syringe) and sterilize each time the IV is injected.
o Do not use a syringe previously used to inject a patient into a new medicine vial or to inject another patient.
• Eliminate ampoules immediately after use once.
• Never use open ampoules in advance.
• Follow the manufacturing guidelines for storage and disposal methods.
Catheterization of a central vein .. Giving chemotherapy or umbilical vein catheterization for newborns. Place a sterile bandage after injection
- Example:
Give chemotherapy or umbilical vein catheterization to newborns.
- Hand hygiene:
Wash with disinfectant or alcohol.
- Personal Lockers:
Sterile gloves, a surgical robe, an ointment and a mask.
- Skin preparation:
Fast-acting disinfectants are used.
- Important steps:
• Prepare sterile area (skin and surrounding it using sterile towels) before injection.
• Avoid touching the catheter for any non-sterile area, which is the so-called "non-tactile approach".
• Place a sterile bandage after injection.
• Remove the catheter if there is any sign of an infection.
• Avoid places that are easily contaminated (eg, groin area).
Give chemotherapy or umbilical vein catheterization to newborns.
- Hand hygiene:
Wash with disinfectant or alcohol.
- Personal Lockers:
Sterile gloves, a surgical robe, an ointment and a mask.
- Skin preparation:
Fast-acting disinfectants are used.
- Important steps:
• Prepare sterile area (skin and surrounding it using sterile towels) before injection.
• Avoid touching the catheter for any non-sterile area, which is the so-called "non-tactile approach".
• Place a sterile bandage after injection.
• Remove the catheter if there is any sign of an infection.
• Avoid places that are easily contaminated (eg, groin area).
Compilation of body fluids from sterile areas of the body. Fluid discharge from the spine, chest or abdomen
- Example:
Fluid discharge from the spine, chest, or abdomen.
- cleaning hands:
Wash with disinfectant or alcohol.
- Personal condoms:
Sterile gloves, a surgical robe, an ointment and a mask.
- Skin preparation:
Fast-acting disinfectants are used.
- Critical steps:
• Follow the non-touch method.
Fluid discharge from the spine, chest, or abdomen.
- cleaning hands:
Wash with disinfectant or alcohol.
- Personal condoms:
Sterile gloves, a surgical robe, an ointment and a mask.
- Skin preparation:
Fast-acting disinfectants are used.
- Critical steps:
• Follow the non-touch method.
Interventions that come into contact with mucous membranes .. Bronchoscopy, gastrointestinal endoscopy and sucking (sucking of the vestibules) of the trachea
Example:
Bronchoscopy, gastrointestinal endoscopy and aspiration (sucking of the vestibular) of the trachea.
cleaning hands:
Wash with disinfectant or alcohol.
Personal condoms:
Clean gloves are mono-use.
Skin preparation:
In general, we do not need anything.
Bronchoscopy, gastrointestinal endoscopy and aspiration (sucking of the vestibular) of the trachea.
cleaning hands:
Wash with disinfectant or alcohol.
Personal condoms:
Clean gloves are mono-use.
Skin preparation:
In general, we do not need anything.
Interventions related to mucous membranes. Use soap water to clean the pubic area and disinfect about the insertion place of the urethral canal opening
- Example:
Catheterization of the urinary tract.
- cleaning hands:
Wash with disinfectant or alcohol.
- Personal condoms:
Sterile gloves.
- Skin preparation:
It is enough to use soap and water to clean the pubic area and then an antiseptic is used around the insertion area "around the urethral canal opening".
- Critical steps:
• Keep the urinary system closed (catheter - urine hose - urine collection bag) without any breakouts.
• Wash hands before and after discharge urine collection bags.
• Avoid changing the catheter continuously because this will expose the patient to the risk of injury and inflammation of the bladder and urethra (urethra).
Catheterization of the urinary tract.
- cleaning hands:
Wash with disinfectant or alcohol.
- Personal condoms:
Sterile gloves.
- Skin preparation:
It is enough to use soap and water to clean the pubic area and then an antiseptic is used around the insertion area "around the urethral canal opening".
- Critical steps:
• Keep the urinary system closed (catheter - urine hose - urine collection bag) without any breakouts.
• Wash hands before and after discharge urine collection bags.
• Avoid changing the catheter continuously because this will expose the patient to the risk of injury and inflammation of the bladder and urethra (urethra).
Transfection of hands by hand. Disposal of microbes that multiply on hands due to the availability of moisture and warmth under the surface of gloves
The hands of health workers are a major source of contagion. Therefore, it is essential to establish a clear handwashing policy with the commitment of all workers. Although the use of gloves reduces the transmission of bacteria, hand washing and disinfection before and after the removal of gloves is Is necessary to get rid of the pollution that can occur through small ruptures that may affect the gloves during use as well as to eliminate the microbes that multiply on the hands because of the availability of moisture and warmth under the surface of the gloves.
Care for surgical wounds. Infection during or after surgery by contaminated hands or abscesses imposes non-interference in the surgical incision
It should be sterile during surgery and most often after surgery. Infection may occur during or after surgery by contaminated hands or abscesses, preferably in non-intervention surgical incisions unless necessary, such as the appearance of signs of injury and the need to change dressings on wounds.
Care for wounds caused by infection .. Pollution of environmental microbes and feces
Injuries resulting from infection are mainly contaminated with environmental microbes and feces and may become endemic to the hospital's microbes, which can be transmitted to other patients by the staff of the hospital.
Anti-pollution method to treat wounds Avoid touching and cleaning the wounds with a surgical handkerchief and a piece of cotton or gauze wet with a disinfectant solution
Avoid touching wounds with hands. Anti-pollution methods should be followed when taking care of wounds:
1. Get a sterile sterilizer and wash your hands routinely.
2. Remove the old dressing and examine the wound with the eye.
Wash your hands and wash them. Wear a sterile glove.
4. Clean the wound using a surgical handkerchief and a piece of cotton or gauze moistened with an antiseptic solution. Do not touch the wound with your hands.
5. Repair the contaminated wound by pressing it using sterile forceps with sterile gauze.
6 - When there is pus (pus) is taken sample of the work of a farm.
7. Place the appropriate disinfectant as needed.
8. Wipe the wound with sterile gauze to dry it as much as possible.
9. Cover the wound if required.
10. Dispose of all contaminated bandages in the biomedical waste bag.
11 - Wash your hands after taking off the gloves and then dry them.
Note:
- It is preferable to use a sterilized sterile package containing all sterilized machines and sterile gauze needed for each patient separately.
1. Get a sterile sterilizer and wash your hands routinely.
2. Remove the old dressing and examine the wound with the eye.
Wash your hands and wash them. Wear a sterile glove.
4. Clean the wound using a surgical handkerchief and a piece of cotton or gauze moistened with an antiseptic solution. Do not touch the wound with your hands.
5. Repair the contaminated wound by pressing it using sterile forceps with sterile gauze.
6 - When there is pus (pus) is taken sample of the work of a farm.
7. Place the appropriate disinfectant as needed.
8. Wipe the wound with sterile gauze to dry it as much as possible.
9. Cover the wound if required.
10. Dispose of all contaminated bandages in the biomedical waste bag.
11 - Wash your hands after taking off the gloves and then dry them.
Note:
- It is preferable to use a sterilized sterile package containing all sterilized machines and sterile gauze needed for each patient separately.
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