Showing posts with label Cardiovascular disease. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Cardiovascular disease. Show all posts

fertilization in vitro.. There is no negative effect on the cardiovascular health of children

fertilization in vitro:

Fertility treatments do not negatively affect the cardiovascular health of children conceived through IVF, concludes this international study, conducted at the University of Bristol and published in the European Heart Journal. The study identifies no notable differences in blood pressure, heart rate, lipids and blood sugar measurements between children conceived naturally and those conceived using assisted reproductive technology (ART).

Complications of pregnancy with fertility treatment:

With the first birth by in vitro fertilization (IVF), the question arose of the possible health risks for children conceived in this way. Previous studies on the topic were mostly limited by small sample sizes, short follow-up times, and insufficient comparison groups. The clinician researchers therefore wanted to dispel, with this new study, general concerns about possible cardiometabolic effects in the unborn child, in the event of conception with fertility treatment.

Cardiometabolic health is comparable in children conceived through IVF:

The study followed 8,600 children participating in Bristol's Children of the 90s study, a world-renowned cohort that has followed pregnant women and their offspring since 1991. The data was large enough to study whether IVF conception affected blood pressure. blood pressure, pulse, lipids or blood sugar from childhood to young adulthood. Data analysis reveals that:

  • blood pressure, heart rate and glucose levels are similar in children conceived by IVF or “naturally”;
  • if children conceived by IVF nevertheless have slightly higher cholesterol levels in childhood, these levels return to normal in adulthood;
  • there are some indications, to be specified, of a slightly higher blood pressure, in children conceived by IVF in adulthood.

cardiometabolic health is comparable in IVF-conceived and naturally-conceived children:

Lead author Dr Ahmed Elhakeem, an epidemiology researcher at Bristol Medical School, comments on the findings: "This is the largest study on the subject and parents who have conceived through IVF, like their children, can be reassured: cardiometabolic health is comparable in children conceived by IVF and conceived naturally. However, studies with a longer follow-up will be carried out in order to examine how these results could possibly evolve in advanced adulthood.

"Science and research are moving rapidly in the fertility industry, but it's clear that larger scale studies like this are needed to improve care."

Heart disease in children.. The risk begins long before birth?

the intergenerational impact of heart health before pregnancy:

This is the hypothesis of these experts from the American Heart Association (AHA) who summarize, here in the journal Circulation, the intergenerational impact of heart health before pregnancy. While this impact of maternal health during the period preceding pregnancy is already documented as critical on the metabolic level, this synthesis of the literature shows that the same is true for the influence of the cardiovascular health of pregnant women on that of pregnant women. of their unborn children.

alter the trajectory of cardiovascular risk for both the mother:

Thus, the biological processes leading to pregnancy complications often begin before pregnancy; therefore, interventions that begin after conception could miss the opportunity to alter the trajectory of cardiovascular risk for both the pregnant mother and her child. This review therefore suggests increasing public health interventions to optimize cardiovascular health before pregnancy, particularly among women from higher-risk communities.

Preventing heart disease starts much earlier:

Much earlier than doctors thought, until this scientific statement from the AHA: "Optimizing cardiovascular health before pregnancy to improve outcomes in pregnant and postpartum women, and their offspring." This summary of available data linking a woman's heart health to the heart health of her children also underscores the need for further research into the impact of women's preconception health on the health of their future children.

“Biological processes that contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes begin before a woman becomes pregnant,”
summarizes Dr. Sadiya S. Khan, professor of cardiology and preventive medicine at the Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University (Chicago).

Pre-pregnancy health status:

key factors considered to assess cardiovascular health are based on the AHA's "Life's Essential 8", namely, a heart-healthy diet, regular physical activity, not smoking , maintain a healthy weight, monitor blood pressure, blood cholesterol and blood sugar, and have healthy sleep. Based on this score, the analysis reveals that:
  • only 1 in 5 women have optimal cardiovascular health.
 

Poor cardiovascular health before conception and pregnancy complications:

these complications include premature delivery, gestational diabetes, high blood pressure, preeclampsia or low height for gestational age. These pregnancy complications are also linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease in children: thus,
  • premature birth is associated with a 53% increased risk of heart disease by age 43;
  • Type 2 diabetes before conception is associated with a 39% increased risk of cardiovascular disease in children by age 40.
 

While these results "speak" for themselves, the evidence establishing:

If these results “speak” for themselves, the evidence establishing a link between the health of women before pregnancy and the health of their children remains very limited. Experts are therefore calling for large trials to test whether improving overall cardiovascular health before pregnancy could reduce pregnancy complications, the incidence of death and cardiovascular disease in the general population.

And the way of life? The analysis also raises the issue of prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease through lifestyle changes such as adherence to a heart-healthy diet and regular physical activity, including among pregnant women. . Long-term studies should also be conducted on the subject.

Psychological health, stress and resilience:

Psychological health, stress and resilience should not be neglected in pregnant women, even before conception. There is a lack of interventions for the poorest women, who do not have access to health care and support. Research shows that long-term stressors like discrimination add an additional level of cardiovascular risk.

In conclusion, there remains a colossal margin for improvement in the health of young mothers, with a window of intervention that opens well before conception: "The period preceding pregnancy offers a unique window of opportunity to equitably prevent increased incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and to interrupt this intergenerational cycle of poor cardiovascular health”.

Nitrate Use Complications.. Resistance by making the medicine not working efficiently after a period of continuous use

The continuous use of nitrate leads to a phenomenon called tolerance.

It is simply that the medication does not work efficiently after a period of continuous use.

This phenomenon is overcome by giving the body a rest during the day to forget the medicine.

The doctor will advise you to take a period. Relaxation of medication during the day usually varies depending on the form of medicine used (long-acting pills / paste / ointment) and ranges from 12 to 16 hours a day.

The work of the natural heart.. The muscle of the fixative system to pump blood to the lungs and to the rest of the body through a large artery called aorta or aorta

The heart, as it is known, is located in the right part of the chest. It is a musculature that is used to pump blood to the lungs and to the rest of the body through a large artery called the aorta or aorta. If we follow the blood circulation and the work of the heart, we find that the first stages of this interrelated process begins with the arrival of oxygen-free blood from various parts of the body through the veins to the right side of the heart where the blood first in the upper chamber of the upper chambers of the heart and Which is called the right atrium (due to its relative proximity to the ears compared to the lower chambers called the ventricle due to its relative proximity to the abdomen). After the blood reaches the right atrium, it descends into the lower right ventricle (right ventricle) through a valve (controlling blood entry down and preventing its return to the top) called triglyceride. The right ventricle then pumps blood to the lungs through a large artery called the pulmonary artery through the pulmonary valve, which allows the blood to exit but at the same time prevents it from returning to the right ventricle. When the blood reaches the lungs, the lungs add oxygen (blood oxidation) to the blood. Afterward, the oxidized blood returns to the left upper chamber of the heart (the left atrium) through four veins called pulmonary veins. The left ventricle, the strongest ventricle, pumps blood to all organs of the body through the aorta through the aortic valve.

Types of Congenital Heart Disease.. Injury to the arteries, veins, valves or walls of the buffer between the chambers of the heart or the heart muscle itself

Congenital heart disease can affect any part of the heart, disrupting this regular movement of the blood circulation. Congenital disease may affect the arteries, veins, valves or walls of the buffer between the chambers of the heart or the heart muscle itself. The infection may be in one or several parts at the same time. For example, there may be a defect in one of the heart valves and at the same time there is a hole in the wall between the ventricles, or a problem in a valve and another problem in one of the arteries or veins. It may also be a complex type of infection that may affect the function of the heart significantly.
 Pediatric cardiologists generally divide congenital heart disease into two main parts:
1-Diseases cause skin rupture (not necessarily obvious to parents).
2 - Diseases that do not cause skin rupture.

Congenital heart disease that causes skin rupture.. Do not create triode. Tetra valo. Aortic and pulmonary artery inversion. Back pain of pulmonary veins

Some of the most common congenital heart diseases that cause skin blemishes include:
Atrioventricular Canal
2. Tricuspid Atresia
3. Tetralogy of Fallot
4. Transposition of the Great Arteries.
5 - Truncus Arteriosus
6. Total anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return.

Congenital heart disease that does not cause skin rupture.. Valvular Heart Disease. Ventricular Septal Defect. Atrial Septal Defect. Patent Ductus Arteriosus. Coarctation of Aorta

Among the most common congenital heart diseases that do not cause skin blemishes are the following:
1 - Valvular Heart Disease
2- Ventricular Septal Defect
3. Atrial Septal Defect
4. Patent Ductus Arteriosus
5. Coarctation of Aorta.

Congenital heart disease symptoms.. Defibrillation during chest ribs with frequent pulmonary infections. Poor breastfeeding with sweating of the forehead and fatigue of any effort

Symptoms that may appear on a child with congenital heart disease vary depending on the type of disease. But in general, the most common symptoms that appear on many children is the weakness of breastfeeding with sweating forehead and fatigue to any effort, especially in nursing .. If these symptoms continue without treatment, they adversely affect the weight of the child and lead to weak structure and thinness.
As the symptoms may appear on the respiratory system, especially the lungs, parents may notice the speed of respiration of the child with the emergence and fibrillation of the heart during the ribs of the chest and the incidence of pneumonia in general.
In the case of diseases that cause skin rupture, the most important symptoms of course is the cleft lip, lips and tongue. On the other hand, there may be no symptoms on the child and the disease is detected after the doctor hears a sound in the chest called browning or heart murmur when the child is examined for any reason .. Symptoms may also appear severe or sudden in some species due to a sharp decline In cardiac function (heart failure) or because of the inability of the heart to pump blood to the organs of the body as a result of blockage in one artery as a blockage or narrowing of the acute aorta or a coup in large arteries, for example.

Methods of diagnosis of congenital heart disease.. X-ray of the heart. ECG. Acoustic heart rays. Cardiac catheterization. Magnetic rays. Oxygen measurement

Since 40 to 50% of children with Down's syndrome have congenital heart disease, doctors routinely examine all children with the medical earpiece to ensure their safety. Therefore, the necessary tests are carried out as needed. All children with Down syndrome should undergo an ultrasound scan, If the doctor does not show any symptoms of the injury. The doctor may perform the following tests as needed:
1 - Measuring oxygen by placing a device on the hand or foot: This device can confirm doubts about the existence of a deficiency and lack of oxygen in the blood or not .. The doctor may analyze the blood to measure blood gases to confirm the lack of oxygen.
2- X-ray of the heart. Which are available in all hospitals and which may show heart enlargement or increased or decreased blood flow to the lungs.
ECG: It is also available in many hospitals and it shows the electrical layout of the heart and shows inflation in the heart chambers and other signs. The doctor may need to put the ECG (Holter) for several hours while suspecting the rhythm of the heart rate if necessary.
4 - Acoustic heart ultrasound: These rays may not be available in many hospitals and if any may not be specialized specialist in the chest radiation of babies and children. In general, these rays are important to know the type of congenital disease and the severity of the infection. It can also ensure the safety of blood veins, heart muscle, valves and walls of the buffer of the heart chambers.
5- Cardiac catheterization. It is available only in specialized cardiac centers. It is done by inserting a long, thin tube from one of the arteries or veins of the thigh until it reaches the heart and then injecting the heart chambers with a chromosome material and performing X-rays to clarify the details of the heart chambers, valves and blood veins. The doctor also measures oxygen and pressure in the heart chambers and this helps to clarify the infection before surgery. Therefore, catheterization is a diagnostic test and not therapeutic. But recently doctors were able to use the catheter as a treatment and by expanding some valves or arteries, or the opening of a hole in the walls of the heart or the closure of an artery or an opening or the development of a supporting ring in one of the arteries.
6 - Magnetic Radiation: Recently, some heart centers began to take care of three-dimensional images of the heart and is measured blood flow in the heart and blood veins and know the details more clearly about some parts of the heart.

Treatment of congenital heart disease.. Medical and medical treatment. Surgical treatment

Treatment procedures vary from child to child depending on the type of disease. Some "species" may not require treatment as much as continuous follow-up to make sure things are going well. For example, the small hole in the wall separating the ventricles may close by itself in 30-40% of children during the first three years of life. But be careful to follow up and listen to the doctor's guidance and advice and non-dependence and tolerance of these diseases.
In general, the methods of treating heart disease are divided into two parts:
1 - medical treatment and medication.
2 - surgical treatment.

Medical and pharmacological treatment for congenital heart disease.. Diuretics. Blood pressure reducers. Digoxin. Propranolol

Cardiologists use three types of drugs to help the heart muscle function better:
1 - diuretics: The most famous drug Lasix (Lasix), which reduces the amount of fluid in the blood and thus reduce the burden on the heart by pumping less blood.
2 - blood pressure reducers: There are several types, and the most important types of anti-angiotensin conversion drugs (as a drug) and anti-beta-adrenaline (as propranolol).
Digoxin: a drug that strengthens the heart muscle to better pump blood and is one of the most famous drugs used.
Other types of intravenous prostaglandins are intravenous drugs that allow the opening of the arterial artery between the aorta, pulmonary artery, intravenous, intravenous, aspirin, and other drugs.
With the development of the catheter, many medical procedures were performed to treat some congenital heart diseases without surgery. One of the most popular of these methods is to enlarge the valves by placing an inflatable bag at the end of the catheter tube. And also made an artificial opening in the wall separating the atria to allow blood from the left ventricle to Yemen. And blocked the arterial canal or blocked the holes by placing a medical cushion during the catheterization.
Good nutrition should also be taken care of. Consult your pediatrician and dietitian for advice and guidance to strengthen your child's structure and overcome breastfeeding problems. Poor structure or malnutrition has a negative impact on the health of the child and may delay corrective surgeries, so be aware of them. One of the most useful tips for breastfeeding is to give your child milk or food in the form of small amounts but frequently with the addition of more calories to food by adding nutrients to the milk or replacing it with concentrated food. According to nutritionist's advice. If these methods are not successful, the doctor may recommend the development of a feeding tube through the mouth or nose to increase the amount of calories that the child receives.

Surgical treatment of congenital heart disease.. Closure of the arterial canal between the aorta and the pulmonary artery or narrowing the pulmonary artery by binding

Heart surgery has developed enormously in the past 20 years. While 30% of children die during open heart operations in the 1970s, they are now less than 5%. The heart processes in general may be light and easy and do not need to open the heart as the process of closure of the arterial artery between the aorta and pulmonary artery or narrowing the pulmonary artery by connecting .. The processes may be more complicated and need to open the heart (open heart surgery) to close the hole or repair defect Internal in the heart as may be corrective operations once and may be conducted in sporadic stages. The process may also be a complete correction process and may be only a temporary, temporary or adaptive process because of the difficulty of correcting some congenital defect, especially in complex congenital defects.
It is known that the child needs to stay in intensive care for some time after surgery and usually requires varying periods of artificial respiration until his condition stabilizes and is transferred to the general heart of the children.

Atrioventricular Canal.. A large hole in the wall separates the ventricles and extends to the top of the wall separating the atria

Atrioventricular Canal disease:
This is one of the most common and most common congenital heart disease cases of Down syndrome children. It is a large hole in the wall between the ventricles and extends to the top of the wall separating the atria. With a defect in the two valves between the atria and ventricles, which may be one large valve extended horizontally between the atria and ventricles. The severity of puncture and fissure in valves may vary between children. Symptoms are characterized by difficulties in nutrition with excessive sweating, rapid breathing, poor structure and skin discoloration.
As a result of the puncture, the amount of blood reaching the lungs is high and when the blood flow is excessive for several months may lead to high blood pressure in the lungs and this situation is serious and may affect the success of any surgery in the future. It is therefore important to follow up with your doctor and not to be lenient.
Medications may be given to help the heart muscle and corrective operation may be performed to close the hole and fix the valves. The surgeon may suggest delaying the corrective operation and performing a temporary operation to narrow the pulmonary artery by means of a ligament to reduce the amount of blood reaching the lungs to prevent temporary pulmonary hypertension until the baby's healthy conditions are improved and the corrective operation is carried out.

Ventricular Septal Defect.. A hole in the wall between the lower ventricles (the ventricles) allows blood to enter from the left ventricle to the right

Ventricular Septal Defect:
Is the most common congenital heart disease ever occurring. They account for almost 30% of total congenital heart disease. It is a hole in the wall between the lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles). Allowing the blood to enter from the left ventricle to the right. This increases the amount of blood pumped by the right ventricle into the lungs, leading to enlargement of the right ventricle muscle with an increase in blood flow to the lungs and thus causing difficulty in breathing, especially during breastfeeding and with no stress tolerance. This hole does not cause skin rupture if it occurs on its own, but it may occur with other congenital defects and symptoms depending on the type of defect. If the hole occurs individually, about 30% of these holes may close alone during the first three years of life. If they do not close, they must be closed either by surgery or by catheterization. The child may need some medications to help the heart muscle such as urine diuretics or pressure reducers such as calcptopril in the first stage of life.

Atrial Septal Defect.. A hole in the wall separates the upper heart chambers (atria) with recurrent infections in the lungs or rapid breathing

Atrial Septal Defect:
It is a hole in the wall between the upper chambers of the heart (atria). It is divided into three types of holes. The first type, called the upper hole, is a hole in the upper wall separating the atria and may be accompanied by problems in the right pulmonary artery. The second type is the middle hole (called the second hole), which is one of the most famous between the atria and the most frequent. The third type is the lower hole (called the first hole) and may be accompanied by defects in the mitral valve by the middle hole. There may be no symptoms on the child and may be diagnosed by chance for medical examination for any reason and without any symptoms of the disease. Symptoms may be frequent infections of the lungs, rapid breathing, difficulty in feeding, or irregular heartbeat. This hole may be closed in "some" cases automatically but that does not close it must be closed by catheter or surgical procedure.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus.. The passage of oxygenated blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta is not passed through the lungs

Patent Ductus Arteriosus:
The arterial duct is an artery between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. It is an important artery for the fetus during pregnancy. It allows oxygenated blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta to pass through the lungs, as the fetal lungs have no role in breathing and oxidation of blood. After the birth, it is supposed to close automatically during the first hours of life. However, in some babies, the spontaneous closure of the channel after birth is not the result of often unknown causes, resulting in the reflection of blood passing through which a high amount of blood reaches the lungs. There may be no symptoms on the child and may be discovered by accident and symptoms may be similar to the symptoms of puncture between the ventricles or ears. Your doctor may prescribe indomethacin to close the canal in the early days of your life, especially if your child is newborn or premature, or may be closed by a catheter or have surgery for people over the age.

Bacterial infection in the lining of the heart or valves.. Continuous high temperature with affected cardiac functions and some laboratory changes

Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis:
Any child with congenital heart disease is susceptible to bacterial infection in the lining of the heart or valves. The symptoms are usually a constant rise in temperature with the impact of heart functions with some laboratory changes that suggest the presence of inflammation in the body. The doctor may be able to diagnose the condition by transplanting the blood and via cardiac ultrasound. It is important for parents to know that this inflammation can be largely prevented by giving a child who has congenital heart disease before and after any surgery, dental treatment or circumcision. Refer to your doctor to find out the name of the appropriate antibiotic and the recommended dose.

Hypertension in the lungs.. Increased blood flow to the lungs

All congenital heart defects that cause an increase in blood flow to the lungs may lead to high blood pressure in the lungs. Therefore, doctors are keen to treat heart problems strongly to avoid infection. The risk of high pressure of the lungs due to the difficulties that may face any future decision for surgical treatment and repair of heart defects. Because the process may be dangerous to the child's life. And parents may not notice any change on the child, but may improve the symptoms of the previous example, less erosion and improve breathing in the case of the child who has a disease of the channel between the ventricles and atria, which is frequent infection in children with Down syndrome and thus a false reassurance of improving the condition of the heart, May be followed by difficulties in the future.

Causes of coronary heart disease.. Smoking, excessive eating, laziness, lack of mobility and exposure to severe psychological stress

Coronary artery disease is the first killer in America and Europe. Unfortunately, this disease is increasing in our country. We are seeing young people in their thirties and forties, who have suffered a stroke in the heart. Smoking, over-eating, laziness, immobility, and exposure to severe psychological stress create a climate for coronary heart disease.
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