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The difference between the vaccine and serum.. Stimulate the body to produce antioxidants and gain immunity

The difference between the vaccine and serum:

The statement you provided, "Stimulate the body to produce antioxidants and gain immunity," isn't quite accurate in differentiating between vaccines and serum. It describes some aspects of both, but it's important to understand the key differences in how they work:

Vaccines:

- Preventative:

Vaccines are given before exposure to a specific disease. They work by introducing weakened or inactive forms of the pathogen (virus or bacteria) or certain specific antigens (parts of the pathogen). This triggers the immune system to recognize and mount a response against the pathogen without causing the actual disease.

- Active immunity:

When the body is later exposed to the real pathogen, its immune system can quickly and effectively fight it off, preventing or significantly reducing the severity of the disease.

- Doesn't directly stimulate antioxidants:

While vaccination may indirectly boost antioxidant activity due to the immune response, it's not their primary target.

Serum:

- Therapeutic:

Serum is typically used after exposure to a disease or toxin. It contains antibodies (pre-made immune system proteins) specifically targeted towards a particular pathogen or toxin. These antibodies directly neutralize the threat, providing immediate protection.

- Passive immunity:

Serum provides temporary protection but doesn't stimulate the body's own immune system to remember the pathogen. So, the immunity wanes relatively quickly, and the person wouldn't be protected upon future exposure.

- Doesn't stimulate antioxidants:

Serum acts directly by providing pre-made antibodies, and doesn't involve stimulating antioxidant production.

Summary:

- Vaccines:

Train the immune system to fight future infections by mimicking the pathogen.

- Serum:

Provides immediate protection through pre-made antibodies but doesn't offer long-term immunity.

Both vaccines and serum play crucial roles in disease prevention and treatment, but they have distinct mechanisms of action.

Classes of Antibodies:

There are five main classes of antibodies (also known as immunoglobulins), each with distinct characteristics and functions:

1. IgG (Immunoglobulin G):

- Most abundant: Makes up about 70-80% of all antibodies in the bloodstream.

- Long half-life:

Can circulate in the blood for weeks or months, providing long-term immunity.

- Neutralizes pathogens:

Can directly bind to and neutralize viruses and bacteria.

- Activates complement system:

Triggers a cascade of immune proteins that further attack and destroy pathogens.

- Crosses placenta:

Can provide passive immunity to a developing fetus.

2. IgM (Immunoglobulin M):

- First-line defense:

First antibody produced in response to a new infection, offering immediate but short-lived immunity.

- Large molecule:

Efficiently binds to pathogens but cannot easily enter tissues.

- Agglutination:

Causes pathogens to clump together, making them easier for phagocytes to engulf.

3. IgA (Immunoglobulin A):

- Present in mucosal secretions:

Found in tears, saliva, breast milk, and respiratory and gastrointestinal secretions, providing protection against mucosal infections.

- Neutralizes toxins and viruses:

Prevents them from attaching to mucosal surfaces.

- Dimers and monomers:

Exists in two forms, monomers for mucosal secretions and dimers for blood circulation.

4. IgD (Immunoglobulin D):

- Least abundant:

Makes up less than 1% of antibodies.

- Role unclear:

Its exact function is not fully understood, but it may be involved in B cell activation and immune memory.

5. IgE (Immunoglobulin E):

- Mediates allergic reactions:

Binds to mast cells and basophils, triggering the release of histamine and other inflammatory chemicals that cause allergic symptoms.

- Defense against parasites:

Also plays a role in defense against certain parasites.

Understanding the different classes of antibodies helps us appreciate the diverse ways our immune system protects us from various types of threats.

Nonspecific Defenses:

Nonspecific defenses are indeed the frontline shield protecting our bodies against a vast array of invaders like bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Think of them as bouncers at a nightclub, meticulously checking IDs and keeping unwanted troublemakers out. Let's dive into the two main categories of nonspecific defenses:

1. Barriers that prevent entry of pathogens:

- Physical barriers:

The outermost layer of defense, our skin, acts as a tough, waterproof shield. Its tightly packed cells and keratin (a protein) form a formidable barrier against most pathogens. Additionally, the mucous membranes lining our respiratory, digestive, and urinary tracts trap and expel microbes through sticky mucus and tiny hair-like structures called cilia.

- Chemical barriers:

Our tears, saliva, and sweat contain lysozyme, an enzyme that can break down bacterial cell walls, and defensins, small proteins with antimicrobial properties. Stomach acid is another potent barrier, its low pH effectively killing many pathogens that enter through food or drink.

2. Inflammatory response and protective proteins:

When a pathogen breaches the initial barriers, our body launches a second line of defense: the inflammatory response. This involves:

- Increased blood flow:

Dilated blood vessels bring white blood cells, the body's soldiers, to the site of infection.

- Phagocytosis:

White blood cells, like neutrophils, engulf and destroy invaders through a process called phagocytosis.

- Fever:

An elevated body temperature can slow down the growth of some pathogens.

- Interferon production:

These signaling molecules alert nearby cells to defend themselves against viral infections.

Protective Proteins:

Additionally, our body produces a vast array of protective proteins like:

- Complement proteins:

These proteins work in cascade to attract and lyse (break open) pathogens.

- C-reactive protein (CRP):

This protein helps inflammation and tissue repair.

- Antimicrobial peptides:

These short proteins directly attack and kill microbes.

These barriers and defensive mechanisms work in concert to form a robust system that protects us from countless threats. Remember, a healthy lifestyle with sufficient sleep, exercise, and a balanced diet strengthens these defenses further!

Complexes antibodies and antigens:

Antibodies and antigens are key components of the immune system and play crucial roles in immune responses. Here's some information about antibodies, antigens, and their interactions.

immune complexes:

Complexes of antibodies and antigens are known as immune complexes. They are formed when antibodies bind to antigens on the surface of microbes, such as bacteria and viruses. Once an immune complex is formed, it can be engulfed and destroyed by white blood cells, or it can activate the complement system, which is a group of proteins that work together to kill microbes.

inflammatory response:

Immune complexes also play a role in the inflammatory response. When immune complexes are deposited in tissues, they can attract white blood cells and other inflammatory cells to the site of infection. This can lead to redness, swelling, and heat, which are all signs of inflammation.

In most cases, immune complexes are cleared from the body quickly and without any problems. However, in some cases, immune complexes can build up in tissues and cause damage. This can lead to a variety of diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and vasculitis.

Functions of immune complexes:

Here are some of the functions of immune complexes:

- Neutralize toxins:

Antibodies can bind to toxins and neutralize their effects. This can help to protect the body from the harmful effects of toxins produced by microbes.

- Opsonize microbes:

Opsonization is the process of coating a microbe with antibodies to make it more easily phagocytosed (ingested) by white blood cells.

- Activate the complement system:

The complement system is a group of proteins that work together to kill microbes. Immune complexes can activate the complement system, which can help to destroy microbes.

- Induce inflammation:

Immune complexes can induce inflammation, which is a response that helps to attract white blood cells and other inflammatory cells to the site of infection.

Immune complexes are an important part of the immune system's response to infection. They play a role in neutralizing toxins, opsonizing microbes, activating the complement system, and inducing inflammation.

Factor analyzes of the tumor TNF.. Produces material scavenger cells or macrophages capable of killing tumor cells and their presence indicates inflammation or tumor

Factor analyzes of the tumor TNF:

It is a substance produced scavenger cells or macrophages (Menusaat and Netzoval).

and has the ability to kill tumor cells and indicates its presence on the inflammation, or tumor (injury).

and there are two types of TNF And affecting TNF ∞ And secreted by macrophages TNFB And secreted TNFlymphocytes Affects cells divided and works on analysis and breaking through special receptors on target cells to produce its own biological activation example occurs off the blood supply to the tumor area, causing his death and with its spread.

Interleukin.. Soluble protein secreted from white blood cells to stimulate the immune system through the activation of lymphocytes

Interleukin:

It is a soluble protein secreted from white blood cells (some of lymphocytes and some macrophages) and has 18 species.

and function to activate the immune system by activating lymphocytes help Thelper cells , As does the work as an intermediary for the immune and inflammatory processes.

and is considered a very important Antlukin 2 to cell proliferation and the spread of other cytokines.
as it is very important to activate the functions of lymphocytes (b) Blymphctes And macrophages and natural killer cells.

and there is a special receptors on target cells Targef cells To activate and bring about an immune.

La différence entre le vaccin et le sérum.. Stimuler le corps pour produire des antioxydants et gagner l'immunité

Vaccin:

1 - contient des bactéries mortes ou des bactéries ou des toxines faibles.

2 - stimule le corps à faire des antioxydants.

3 - gagner l'immunité après une période.

4 - rester immunisé longtemps.

Sérum:

1 - ne contient pas de bactéries ou de toxines.

2 - contient anti-formé chez un autre animal.

3 - Immunisé acquis immédiatement.

4 - rester un peu de temps.

Antrovin IFN.. An anti-viral agent protects fundamental human cells in response to viral infection or bacteria

Antrovin an anti-viral agent without allocated to a particular virus, but a specialist for the type of host cells produced or extracted from it in the sense that Antrovin produced by cells subhuman mainly protects human cells.

Most cells can be manufactured Antrovin response to a viral or bacterial infection, or when exposed to certain cytokines, and there are types of Antrovin Alpha Antrovin, gamma Antrovin, beta Antrovin.

In short, cytokines regulate the body's response following steps:

** Cause inflammation.

Defensive activate the device through the central nervous system.

* Bring about a proliferation of some cells to strengthen the response to repair the injury.

Lines of defense in the human body.. Phagocytic white blood cells. Stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies

In the case of "infiltration" AEA into the Body; facing different defensive lines .. When entering any foreign object to the human body - Whether bacterial cells or components and microbial secretions or even a slice of wood - The internal defense forces of white blood cells, macrophages (Phagocytes) Is directed to place the UFO feature Run out chemical physiological (Chemotaxis) Which attracts these cells to the place of infection to inflammation, where they accumulate and try to eat up this microbe or UFOs and human rid of it the same way that devoured by an animal amoeba - Component of a single cell - Own food .. Had UFO - Interceptor body tissues and blood stream - Protein composition; It works Antigen , Any generator and catalyst - The immune system - For the production of antibodies, these antibodies anti fights a body protein strange union with him, and work to rid the human body than in the case of human exposure to infection with the same microbe for the second time .. We note that some microbial infectious diseases, caused by bacteria, fungi or viruses or animals primary example; does not catch it unless once in old .. Such as measles, mumps, whooping cough, cholera, plague and other infectious diseases .. And that's happening here is that when infection occurs in one of these microbes for the first time, entering the microbe is composed of protein Ghraib (Foreign or non-self protein) Different proteins of the body (Self protein) Be a catalyst and provocative of immune lymph cells in the body to produce antibodies - Modify the special parts of the plasma protein - protein to attack the body of the strange existence, and rid the human body him Bmadelth and Union canceled its effectiveness and side Bodhirah effective, or absorption on the surface and collected; to be easy prey for white blood cells, macrophages (Phagocytes) .. One way or another, the antibodies (Antibodies) Functioning - In the end - To protect the body as anti-venom (Antidotes).

Protective Proteins.. Activate plasma proteins when the microbe enters the body

The complement system (or so-called CMOS) is the number of plasma proteins that referred to the letter With code or the bottom of the letter. Once activated protein complement it activates another protein, and that the result is a series of reactions. And activate the chain requires the presence of a small amount of protein later in the series. And activates complement when the microbe enters the body. There are a series of interactions that when you complete complement proteins to cause holes in the bacterial cell wall and membranes. Since graduated potassium ions, and the intervention of fluids and salts to germ cell to the extent that explode. As a complement edits chemicals attracts macrophages to the site of injury, so it complements some immune responses. This explains the word complementary. For example there are a number of complement proteins associated with pre-covered surfaces of microbes counter Objects.

This ensures that the neutrophil leukocytes and macrophages devour microbes.

When a virus infects a cell tissue, the infected cell you configure and secretion Antrovin (one types limfokain) where Antrovin associated with non-infected cells receptors. This leads to the effect to create cells of a potential attack from cells configured substances interfere with the reproduction of the virus, and be Alantrovin specialist for a particular type, any human use Antrovin can in the man himself, and in the present time makes Alantrovin using recombinant technology..

Antigenic Antigen.. UFO, which penetrates the human body Viaraf immune system reacts against him to stop the harmful effects

Antigenic and known simply as UFO or part of the UFO (a virus or microbe or any foreign body), which penetrates the human body immune system And recognize, and reacts against him in order to stop the harm.

Barriers that prevent the entry of pathogens Barriers to Entry.. Skin and mucous membrane lining of the respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract

Works the skin and mucous membrane lining of the respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract as mechanical barriers prevent the entry of microbes. Also contains sebaceous glands secretions chemicals working to weaken or kill germs on the skin. Also line the respiratory tract cells working to sweep mucous materials and minutes in them towards the pharynx where it is swallowed. Moreover, the acidic medium of the stomach prevents the growth of many types of bacteria. As the various germs that exist naturally in the intestines and the rest of the members Kalmahbl prevent disease-causing bacteria (pathogens) that take place.

The functions of antibodies anti.. Obstructing the movement of the antigenic until Swallowing by Cells that gobble up

** Combine antibodies anti secreted by cells (b) with antigenic inhibiting his movement, and then supplementing the antigenic destroy this, then you macrophages elimination.

** Moves antibody (IgG) From mother to child, child is given immunity in the first months of his life.

* If the body can not immune CMOS eliminating the UFO, it works to stop the activity until Cells that gobble up.

Specialized defenses Specific Defenses.. Lymphoid cells. White blood cells that eat up bacteria

Threat to the human body in some cases of microbial cells him and that can not be prevented by non-specialized defense mechanisms mentioned earlier. In such cases must rely on a specialized defensive means against a specific antigen. Antigen is a protein (or sugar-) body can distinguish biological reactions that you get when you get inflammation inflammatory reaction That wound cause mast cellscells To release histamine, which works to expand the blood vessels and material firings bradykinin Stimulates nerves to feel pain. Gather white blood cells begin to devour the bacteria.

That is his return. Microbes antigens, But antigens may be part of a strange cell or a cancerous cell. And since we are They do not have immunity towards our cells so we can say that the immune system the ability to let us know about things belonging to the body from those alien body immune usually continues for a period of time. For example, when healing the individual from measles, it usually does not catch measles Pfyrus again. The immune mainly the outcome of the impact of lymphoid cells and lymphocytes. And exudes lymphocytes in the bone marrow (character refers to the bone marrow) either lymphoid cells and sprinkle in Altoth gland (The letter to Altoth). And also called lymphocytes cells that are plasma cells. And that the latter are configuring antibodies which are made from proteins have the ability to link with antigens and neutralized (modified impact) and secrete antibodies into the blood and lymph. Either lymphoid cells or cells, it may not be antibodies, but that certain type of cells directly attacking other cells bearing antigens. As for the rest of the cells, they contribute to the regulation of the immune response. Lymphoid cells the ability to distinguish a specific antigen because their surfaces contain receptors. And form receptors located on the surface of lymphocytes complement to a particular antigen. It is often said that the future and antigen complement each other, as is the case in the lock and key. During the period of our lives we are exposed to approximately one million antigen is different, so there is a need for the presence of the same number of lymphocytes different for the purpose of prevention of these antigens, so there must be a diversity in lymphoid cells to the extent that there is a cell lymphocyte special specific antigen. In spite of this diversity there is no cell lymphocyte attack in normal cases the body's own cells. And thought that if he appeared lymphocyte cell coincidence so be prepared to respond to the body's own proteins this cell and stop its development.