Showing posts with label Children's medicines. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Children's medicines. Show all posts

Foodborne Illness in Children: Recognizing and Preventing Diarrhea

A Deeper Dive into Diarrhea in Children:

Diarrhea is a common childhood ailment characterized by frequent, loose, or watery stools. While it's often self-limiting, it can lead to dehydration and other complications if not managed properly.

Causes of Diarrhea in Children:

  • Viral Infections: Rotavirus, norovirus, and adenovirus are common culprits.
  • Bacterial Infections: Salmonella, E. coli, and Campylobacter can cause severe diarrhea.
  • Parasitic Infections: Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium are examples of parasitic infections that can lead to diarrhea.
  • Food Allergies or Intolerance: Certain foods can trigger diarrhea in some children.
  • Medications: Antibiotics and other medications can sometimes cause diarrhea as a side effect.
  • Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD): Conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can lead to chronic diarrhea.

Prevention of Diarrhea:

  • Proper Hand Hygiene: Encourage frequent handwashing with soap and water, especially after using the bathroom, before preparing food, and after contact with sick individuals.
  • Safe Food Handling: Practice safe food handling techniques, such as cooking food thoroughly and storing it properly.
  • Vaccination: Ensure your child receives the recommended vaccines, including the rotavirus vaccine, which can help prevent viral diarrhea.
  • Good Hygiene Practices: Avoid touching your mouth, nose, or eyes with unwashed hands.

Treatment and Management:

  • Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT): As mentioned earlier, ORT is essential for replacing lost fluids and electrolytes.
  • Dietary Modifications: In some cases, a bland diet may be recommended to ease symptoms.
  • Medications: As discussed, antibiotics may be necessary for bacterial infections, and probiotics can help restore gut flora.
  • Home Remedies: Over-the-counter antidiarrheals may be considered, but consult with a pediatrician first.
  • Prevention of Dehydration: Monitor your child for signs of dehydration and seek medical attention if necessary.

It's crucial to remember that diarrhea can be a serious condition, especially in young children. If your child has persistent diarrhea, bloody stools, or signs of dehydration, it's important to consult with a healthcare provider.

Antibacterials Bacta Lactam Antibacterials Amoxicillin. Clavolanic acid. Ampicillin. Benzyl benicillin benzethine. Capsules, tablets or powder for drink

Antibacterials - beta-lactam medications in children:


- Amoxicillin - capsules or tablets:

250 mg; 500 mg (no water).
Powder for drink: 125 mg (anhydrous) / 5 ml; 250 mg (no water) / 5 ml.

- Amoxicillin + Clavolanic acid - Syrup:

125 mg Amoxicillin + 25.31 mg Clavolanic acid / 5 ml and 250 mg Amoxicillin + 5,62 mg Clavolanic acid / 5 ml.
Tablets: 500 mg + 125 mg.

- Ampicillin - injection powder:

500 mg; 1 g (in the form of sodium salt) in a vial.

- Benzyl penicillin benzethine - injection powder:

900 mg benzyl penicillin (= 2.1 million IU) in a 5-ml vial; 44.1 g benzyl penicillin (= 4.2 million IU) in a 5-ml vial.

- Benzyl benzyline - injection powder:

600 mg (= 1 million IU); 3 g (= 5 million IU) (sodium salt or potassium salt) in a vial.

Medications of antimalarial drugs. Primakin. Kenin. Sulfadoxine. Pyrimethamine. Doxycycline

Antimalarial drugs:

- Monfluquin:

  • tablets: 250 mg (in the form of hydrochloride).
  • Used in combination with 50 mg of artesunate.

- Bremakin:

  • tablets: 7.5 mg; 15 mg (in the form of diphosphate).
  • It is used only for the root healing of the active and visualized oval infection, and is given for 14 days.

- Kinine:

  • Syringe: 300 mg of quinine / ml hydrochloride in a 2 ml ampoule.
  • Tablets: 300 mg (quinine sulfate) or 300 mg (quinine diphenate).
  • Use only in the management of severe malaria, and should be used in combination with doxycycline.

- sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine:

  • tablets: 500 mg + 25 mg.
  • Used only in combination with 50 mg of artesunate.

Intestinal worm repellents .. Pindazole. Levamisol. Mebendazole. Nucleosamide. Brazziquantel. Pirantel

Intestinal worm repellents in children:

- Albindazole - tablets (chewable): 400 mg.

- Levamisol - tablets: 50 mg; 150 mg (in the form of hydrochloride).

- Meibendazole - tablets (chewable): 100 mg; 500 mg.

- Nickelosamide - tablets (chewable): 500 mg.
Nickeloxamide is included in this list for use in the case of braziquantel treatment failure.

- Braziquantel - tablets: 150 mg; 600 mg.

- Albirantel - syrup: 50 mg (in the form of Embons) / ml.

- Tablets (for chewing): 250 mg (in the form of empons).

Cytotoxic drugs. Asparagazine. Bleomycin. Calcium Folinate. Powder for sulfate injection

Cytotoxic drugs:
- Allopurinol - tablets: 100 mg to 300 mg.
- Asparagus - Injection powder: 10,000 IU in vial.
- Palomycin - Powder for injection: 15 mg (in the form of sulfate) in a vial.
- Calcium Fulenate - Syringe: 3 mg / ml in a 10 mL ampoule.
Tablets: 15 mg.

Chemotherapy uses medical drugs - cytotoxic drugs - to kill cancer cells or slow their growth. There are many different types of medical drugs used in chemotherapy.
Sometimes one type of drug is used, but mostly uses two or more of them at the same time, and this condition is called structural therapy.
The type of chemotherapy your doctor describes depends on several factors, including your cancer, where your cancer starts, how the cancer cells look under the microscope, and whether you have moved to other parts of the body.
Chemotherapy produces a different set of reactions in different individuals.
Some individuals do not have side effects, and many have little side effects. Reactions from chemotherapy are also different from one period to the next.
However, many side effects can be controlled or reduced.
We can not recommend you the best treatment for you, but you need to discuss this with your doctors.
Some cancers are treated with chemotherapy alone or with other treatments, such as surgery or radiotherapy.
Chemotherapy can be done before or after other treatments. In the case of chemotherapy before other treatments, these drugs are used to reduce the size of cancer cells and thus other treatments come more effective results.
But when chemotherapy is used after another treatment, it is used to kill any remaining cancer cells that may cause other problems later on.
Palliative therapy aims to relieve symptoms.
It is particularly important to individuals with advanced cancer and no hope of recovery but wish to maintain a good life.
For example, chemotherapy may be used to relieve pain caused by cancer or to stop the spread of cancer to another member.

Cytotoxic drugs. Procarbazine. Phenplastin. Fincristine. Powder for injection and capsules in the form of hydrochloride

Cytotoxic drugs:
- Methotrexate - Injection powder: 50 mg (in the form of sodium salt) in a vial.
Tablets: 5.2 mg (in the form of sodium salt).
- Procarbazine - capsules: 50 mg (in the form of hydrochloride).
- Phenplastin - Powder for injection: 10 mg (sulfate) in a vial.
- Vincristine - injection powder: 1 mg; 5 mg (sulfate) in a vial.

Antimalarial drugs Amodiazine. Artemithar. Lomivantrine. Treatment of active and visualized infections of oval and perceived malaria

Antimalarial drugs:
- Amodicine * - Tablets: 153 mg or 200 mg (in the form of hydrochloride).
* A is used in combination with 50 mg of artesunate or (b) can be used alone to treat active and visualized oval infections and perceived malaria.
- Artemithr - Oil injection: 80 mg / ml in 1-ml ampoule.
For use in the management of severe malaria.
- Artemether + Lomivantrine * - tablets: 20 mg + 120 mg.
* It is not recommended for use in the first trimester of pregnancy or in children under 5 kg.

Antimalarial drugs. Artesons. Chloroquine. Doxycycline. Artesonic anhydrous acid. Amodiakine. Fluoxin. Sulfadoxine. Pyrimethamine

Antimalarial drugs:
- Artesons * - Syringes: Ampoules containing 60 mg of anhydrous artesonic acid with a separate ampoule containing 5% of sodium bicarbonate solution.
For use in the management of severe malaria.
* Direct dose: 50 mg capsules; 200 mg (for pre-referral treatment only for severe malaria; patients should be sent to an appropriate health facility for follow-up treatment).
Tablets: 50 mg.
* For use in combination with amodicine, fluoxin or sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine.
- Chloroquine * Syrup: 50 mg (in the form of phosphate or sulfate) / 5 ml.
Tablets: 100 mg; 150 mg (in the form of phosphate or sulfate).
* It is used only in Central American regions and for treatment of active visualization.
- Doxycycline * Capsules: 100 mg (in the form of hydrochloride).
Dispersion: 100 mg (in the form of monohydration).
* Use only in combination with quinine.

Medicines for the prevention of malaria .. Cloroxin. Doxycycline. Fluoxin. Bruganil. Phosphate or sulphate. Capsules or tablets

Medicines for malaria prevention:
- Chloroquine * - Syrup: 50 mg (in the form of phosphate or sulfate) / 5 ml.
Tablets: 150 mg (in the form of phosphate or sulfate).
* It is used only in Central American regions and for treatment of active visualization.
- Doxycycline - capsules or tablets: 100 mg (hydrochloride).
a> 8 years.
- Monophane tablets: 250 mg (in the form of hydrochloride).
   > 5 kg or> 3 months.
- Bruganil * - tablets: 100 mg (hydrochloride).
* Use only in combination with chloroquine.

NUCLEOSEID / NUCLEOTIDIC BACKGROUND INHIBITORS. Dumenosine. Amriticabine. Lamifudine. Stavodine. Zidovodin

Nucleoside / Nucleotide Inhibitors In Children:
- Abacafir (ABC) - Syrup: 100 mg (in the form of sulfate) / 5 ml.
Tablets: 300 mg (in the form of sulfate).
- dandamine (ddI) - brewer's powder: 100 mg packagings; 167 mg; 250 mg.
Capsules (unpretentised intestinal capsules): 125 mg; 200 mg; 250 mg; 400 mg.
Tablets (chewable and common): 25 mg; 50 mg; 100 mg; 150 mg; 200 mg.
- Fetal Imitracypine * - Capsules: 200 mg.
Syrup: 10 mg / ml.
* Lymphodine 3TC is an acceptable alternative to amriticetabine (FTC) according to the knowledge of antiretroviral drugs, their resistance patterns and their clinical trials.
  > 3 months.
- Lymphodine (3TC) - Drink: 50 mg / 5 ml.
Tablets: 150 mg.
- Stavodine (d4T) - capsules: 15 mg; 20 mg; 30 mg.
Powder for drink: 5 mg / 5 ml.
- Zidovodine (ZDV) or (AZT) capsules: 100 mg; 250 mg.
Syrup: 50 mg / 5 ml.
Intravenous injection solution: 10 mg / ml in a 20 ml bottle.
Tablets: 300 mg.

Antibiotics of leishmaniasis. Paromomycin. Sodium stigogloconate or magnesium antagonists. Amphotericin

Anti-leishmaniasis medications in children:
- Baromomycin - Solution for intravenous injection: 750 mg of paromomycin based in sulfates.
- Stigogloconstone or magnesium antagonists - syringe: 100 mg / ml; vial = 30 milliliters or 30%; equivalent to approximately 1.8% of antimony in a 5 milliliter ampoule.
- amphotericin B - powder for injection: 50 mg in vial.

Dosage of anti - inflammatory and anti - giardic drugs. Metronidazole. Oral Paromycin. Decreased efficacy and safety in amoebic disease

Antibiotic and anti-giardic drugs in children:
- Diloxanide - tablets: 500 mg (Fioruat).
> 25 kg baby weight.
Decreased efficacy and safety in the case of amoebic infection, focusing on the effect, safety and age limits compared with oral paromomycin.
- Metronidazole - Syringe: 500 mg in a 100 ml bottle.
Syrup: 200 mg (benzoate) / 5 ml.
Tablets: 200-500 mg.
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