Showing posts with label new ways to insulin. Show all posts
Showing posts with label new ways to insulin. Show all posts

Insulin patch Insulin patch.. Passage of insulin through the openings in the skin micro circulatory

Insulin patches:

Insulin patches are a potential new way to deliver insulin for people with diabetes. They work by releasing insulin through tiny needles or microneedles into the skin, where it enters the bloodstream. The insulin then travels through the microcirculation, a network of small blood vessels, to reach the cells that need it.

Passage of Insulin:

Here's a closer look at the passage of insulin through the skin and microcirculation:

1. Penetration through the skin:

  • The insulin patch contains microneedles made of materials like dissolvable polymers or sugar.
  • When applied to the skin, the microneedles painlessly pierce the outer layer of skin (stratum corneum).
  • Insulin is released from the patch and enters the interstitial fluid, the space between skin cells.

2. Absorption into the microcirculation:

  • The insulin then diffuses through the interstitial fluid and reaches the blood vessels of the microcirculation.
  • These blood vessels are small and have thin walls, allowing insulin to pass through easily.
  • The insulin enters the bloodstream and travels to the liver, muscles, and other tissues where it is needed.

3. Factors affecting absorption:

The rate and extent of insulin absorption can be affected by several factors, including:
  • The size and number of microneedles in the patch.
  • The depth of microneedle penetration.
  • The properties of the insulin formulation.
  • Blood flow at the application site.
  • Skin characteristics, such as thickness and hydration.

4. Advantages of insulin patches:

Insulin patches offer several potential advantages over traditional injections, such as:
  • Painless and convenient administration.
  • Improved adherence to treatment regimens.
  • Reduced risk of skin infections and lipohypertrophy (thickening of skin tissue).
  • The ability to deliver insulin more slowly and steadily, potentially leading to better blood sugar control.

5. Challenges and limitations:

Insulin patches are still under development and there are some challenges that need to be addressed before they become widely available, such as:
  • Ensuring consistent and reliable insulin delivery.
  • Developing patches that are comfortable to wear for extended periods.
  • Reducing the cost of patches.

Overall, insulin patches show promise as a new and potentially more convenient way to deliver insulin for people with diabetes. However, more research is needed to address the challenges and limitations before they become widely available.

Give insulin through the nose and plasters.. Lack of insulin absorption from the nasal cavity mucous and irritation of the nose

Give insulin through the nose and plasters:

delivering insulin through the nose and adhesive patches (plasters) is currently not a viable method for insulin administration. While researchers have explored these methods as potential alternatives to injections, significant challenges hinder their practical use:

Nasal Delivery:

- Limited absorption:

The nasal cavity's mucous membrane presents a significant barrier to insulin absorption. Studies have shown low and inconsistent absorption rates, making it unreliable for managing blood sugar levels effectively.

- Nasal irritation:

Insulin's acidic nature can irritate the nasal lining, leading to discomfort, inflammation, and potential damage to the delicate tissues.

- Dosage challenges:

Accurately delivering precise insulin doses through the nose is currently difficult.

- Plasters:

Slow and unreliable absorption:
The skin acts as a slower barrier to insulin penetration compared to injection, leading to delayed and unpredictable absorption. This makes it unsuitable for rapid blood sugar correction.

- Skin irritation:

Similar to nasal delivery, insulin applied through plasters can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions.
Dosage limitations: Delivering sufficient insulin doses through plasters remains a challenge, potentially requiring large and impractical patch sizes.

Therefore, currently, subcutaneous injections remain the safest and most effective way to administer insulin for managing diabetes. 

They offer:

- Rapid and predictable absorption:

Insulin injected directly into the subcutaneous tissue ensures quick and consistent absorption into the bloodstream for effective blood sugar control.

- Precise dosage control:

Injection allows for accurate measurement and delivery of specific insulin doses based on individual needs.

- Minimal side effects:

Proper injection technique minimizes discomfort and reduces the risk of skin irritation or infection.

While research on alternative insulin delivery methods like nasal sprays and plasters continues, they are not yet ready for practical use in managing diabetes. Subcutaneous injections remain the gold standard for effective and reliable insulin administration.

Give insulin via inhalation.. The possibility of a sharp drop in blood sugar as a result of using this type of insulin

Was approved to give insulin by inhalation for the first time from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Still this type of insulin focus of research at the present time as an alternative to insulin injections. And some of them, if they are inhaled in the form of powder or powder called Xciobara (Exubera) Or give it using my mouth sprays   In the form of spray liquid is absorbed through the mucous membrane the Ojuntin profile, tongue and throat and called Aoralen (Oralin).
  In this way insulin is filled in the form of a dry powder in an inhalation device that allows the entry of insulin in a cavity in the end piece is inserted into the patient's mouth and through which inhaled insulin powder. The maximum effect of insulin-like Xaobera fast-acting and duration of stay in the body like a normal short-acting insulin.
And patients who use insulin by inhalation can not dispense with the College for insulin injections, but this method of giving insulin may be helpful when used before eating. And also can give him with antihypertensive medications for sugar which is given by mouth in patients with type II diabetes, or in emergency situations when there is a need to give insulin quickly. It must be used with long-acting insulin like Algelargen in patients with type I diabetes.
And give insulin in the form of a spray may be a better impact on the level of cholesterol in the blood than that given in the form of inhalation is not known exactly why this is so.
The side effects of this type of insulin similar to other types of insulin. And the patient must note the possibility of a sharp drop in blood sugar as a result of using this type of insulin. In addition, in view of the fact that the absorption of the drug through the lung, there is fear of potential impact on lung function. In fact there was a decrease in lung function when use Alxaobera but soon returned to normal after stopping treatment. Since this product is still new, it is advisable to conduct examination of lung function of the patient prior to the use of insulin by inhalation. If the values ​​of FEV1 Less than 70% should not use this medication. This needs to be re test again after six months of using the drug. If there was a decrease in lung function فيوقف medication use.
And also should not use Alxaobera in:
** Sick smokers regularly or intermittently.
* Patients who need very small doses of insulin.
* Patients who suffer from diseases of the lung.
* Children and pregnant women.
However this drug may be a good option for some diabetics.

Insulin Spray Oral spray.. Generating a spray of insulin is absorbed through the mucous membrane inside the mouth or tongue, or throat

Are testing a new device called quick Razzaz   Rapid mist   Can generate a spray of insulin is absorbed through the mucous membrane inside the mouth or tongue, or throat.
The preliminary results are encouraging on the efficiency of this insulin in reducing blood sugar 0   This insulin is also still under testing.

Inhaled insulin Inhaled insulin Exubera.. Get rid of the pain injection and fastest impact of insulin aqueous

Taken this insulin by inhalation of the mouth and the most important feature of this treatment is that the method of eating without pain injections so it is more comfortable for the patient, was declared handled this insulin in America and European Union countries and when compared to the insulin insulin water it has influence faster, and the same period The strength aqueous similar to insulin under the skin in lowering blood sugar and if this is used insulin in Type I Diabetes must be used with insulin injections grassroots   Basal insulin Like   NPH Or Gelargen used in this case three times a day   (Oral inhalation)  Grassroots and uses insulin by injection once under the skin.
As if this is used insulin in type II diabetes is used with sugar-lowering drugs by mouth   Oral hypoglycemic.
Possible side effects of this type of insulin:
1 - low blood sugar.
2 - overweight.
3 - cough
4 - The emergence of antibodies to the insulin blood   Insulin antibodies
Disadvantages of using this type of insulin:
1 - hyperbole price does not fit diabetic in most Arab countries.
2 - may result in the presence of the disease in the lungs or smoking to the lack of absorption of insulin from the lungs to the blood circulation.
3 - overweight.
4 - deficiency may occur in the ability to produce carbon dioxide in the process of exhaling   Expiration.
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