Showing posts with label Lupus erythema. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Lupus erythema. Show all posts

Lupus erythema.. Chronic inflammatory disease of the joints. Skin. Kidneys. Brain. Lung. the heart. Digestive. Serous membranes

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - SLE:
Lymphatic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease that lasts for life and affects multiple organs of the body such as joints, skin, kidney, brain, lung, heart, digestive system, serosa, The most serious is kidney and brain injury.
Worldwide, lupus erythematosus varies, and the incidence varies from one country to another, affects women 9 times more than men, and in America, one woman in every 200 women (one out of every 250 women of African descent) is infected. The disease can occur at any age, but the most common is between 20 and 40 years.

Causes of lupus erythematosus.. Genetic factors. Genetic factors. The state of sex hormones. Immunohistochemistry

The cause of the disease is not known exactly Unknown Aetiology, but there are factors that help to appear:
1. Hereditary hereditary factors:
The disease affects similar twins by 25% and is not similar by 3%, and the relatives of the patient have the risk of infection by 3%.
Genetic factors Genetic:
People with the disease have the following genetic pigments than others HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3.
3 - the case of sex hormones Sex Hormone Status:
The disease is most common in women about menopause, premenopausal women, where sex hormones begin to decline, and in males with Klinefelter's Syndrome.
Immunological Factors:
- Hyperactivity in the work of white blood cells (B cells) B cells and that produce antibodies auto-Antibodies against antigen antigens of the nucleus of cells.
Immune Complexes (which consist of antigen, antibodies, or antibodies to the body), or the body's inability to dispose of them, leading to their deposition in tissues such as blood vessels and kidneys that cause inflammation .
- A defect in the regulation of white blood cells (T cells) T cells to work the immune system.
- Overproduction of inflammatory media such as interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 (IL-1, IL-2).
Environmental factors Environmental Triggers:
Some medications such as Hydralazine, Procainamide, Methyldopa, Isoniazid, Isoniazid, Minocycline, D-Penicillamine, can cause lupus erythematosus. The pills and hormones used in menopause increase the severity of the disease and ultra violet also shows the disease.
Viruses as a cause of disease, by causing the production of antibodies to the components of the cell nucleus.

Mechanism of lupus erythematosus.. The presence of antibodies self against parts of the nucleus of the patient's own cells. Dysfunction of the immune system

The initial defect in the disease is the presence of auto-antibodies against parts of the nucleus of the patient's own cells.
Immune System is known to exist, but some reports suggest that there is no defect in the immune system itself. Rather, the problem is the accumulation of components of the nucleus of cells in the body during the process of her death and the inability of the body to get rid of them, Exposure to the immune system and then produce antibodies to it.
The interaction of these antibodies with components of the nucleus of the cell and deposition in the tissues of different organs of the body show symptoms and signs of disease.

Symptoms of lupus erythema in the skin.. Rash. Small vasculitis in the fingertips and fingernails. Artecaria. Glaucoma. Light Sensitivity. Reynolds phenomenon

Skin:
- 75% have a skin injury.
- Skin rash can appear in different parts of the body and the characteristic appears in the face and takes the form of butterfly Butterfly Rash on the cheeks and nose.
- Vascular inflammation of the vasculitis in the tiptoes and nails.
- Urticaria and Purpura (minute ejaculation of capillaries in the skin).
- One-third of patients develop photosensitivity to photosensitivity.
- Livedo Reticularis.
- Raynaud's Phenomenon, a change in the color of the fingertips from natural to white, to blue, to pink due to the contraction of blood vessels and the feeling of pain and coldness in the hands. This phenomenon can occur many years before the onset of other symptoms such as arthritis.

Symptoms of lupus erythematosus in the heart and blood vessels. Pericarditis. Myocardial infarction. Arrhythmia. Inflammation of blood vessels.. Endocarditis

Heart and Cardiovascular System:
- The heart is affected in 25% of the cases.
Pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and pericardial fluid are the common symptoms.
- Myocardial infarction with Cardiac Arrythmias.
Cardiomyopathy.
Raynaud 's phenomenon Phenomenon.
Vasculitis.
- Arterial thrombosis or venous thrombosis.
- Rarely endocarditis (endocarditis) includes the mitral valve and is called the condition Libman-Sacks Syndrome.

Symptoms of lupus erythematosus in the nervous system.. Immunocytosis is the result of a combination of antibodies and antigens in the blood. Inflammation of blood vessels. Epilepsy. Pure meningitis

Nervous System:
- Symptoms of nervous system injury appear in 60% of cases.
- Possibility of depression and other psychiatric diseases more severe.
- Possibility of infection in several diseases in the nervous system, all due to the deposition of immune compounds (produced by the Union of antibodies and antigens in the blood) Immune Complex or vasculitis, including epilepsy, migraines,. Aseptic Meningitis, Stroke, Polyneuropathy and Cranial Nerve Lesions.

Symptoms of lupus erythema in the digestive system.. Mouth ulcers. Liver injury. pancreatitis. Mesenteric vasculitis

Gastrointestinal System:
- Mouth ulcers are the most common symptoms of gastrointestinal disease of the disease and can be the presentation in which the patient reviewed the doctor.
- Liver injury is not common in the disease, knowing that antibodies to lupus erythema are mentioned in the autoimmune hepatitis.
Pancreatitis is also possible but not common.
Mesenteric vasculitis leads to inflammation or puncture in the small intestine.

Chronic lupus erythematosus.. The appearance of a rash in the face in the form of a specific red plate develops to scarring and pigmentation

Chronic Discoid Lupus:
It is a benign and chronic type of the disease characterized by skin injury only, knowing that some cases may develop into systemic injury.
The rash appears in the face in the form of a specific red plate that develops into Scarring scarring and pigmentation pigmentation.

Lupus with drugs.. Arthritis. Rash and pericarditis. Hydralazine and Broken Amide Pharmaceuticals

Drug Induced SLE:
It is the result of taking a particular drug, characterized by joint pain and some mild systemic symptoms such as rash and pericarditis.
The disease disappears by stopping the medication and the most common drugs cause the disease Hydralazine and Procainamide Procainamide, but other drugs may be the cause.

Blood tests to detect lupus erythematosus.. Leukocytes, lymphocytes, platelets and high blood deposition velocity. Reduce the level of the capacitor. Antibodies against cardiolabine

Blood tests:
- Comprehensive blood analysis usually shows a lack of white blood cells, lymphocytes, platelets and high blood deposition speed ESR.
Serum Antinuclear Antibodies In almost all cases, there are antibodies against DNA, which in 50% of cases, antibodies against DNA (ss and ds) in the blood Anti-Ro, Anti-La.
- The presence of the factor rheumatoid Rheumatoid Factor in the blood in 25% of cases.
- Decreasing the level of serum serum complements in the blood (serum) during the activity of the disease.
Anticardiolipin Antibodies Antibodies in 35-45% of cases.
- Elevated level of aminoglobin in the blood Immunoglobulins.
Serological tests for Syphilis are therefore positive for the presence of antibodies to cardiolipin in the blood.

Treatment of lupus erythematosus.. Reduce exposure to sunlight. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressants such as azathyprine and cyclophosphamide

- Educating the patient and discussing his illness.
- Reduce exposure to sunlight.
- Drug therapy is used in active periods of the disease because there is no evidence that the use of drugs in inactive periods changes the course and progression of the disease.
- Joint pain, inflammation and fever are treated with anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs.
Antimalarial drugs are used to treat mild skin conditions and arthritis that have not responded to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine.
Corticosteroids by oral or intravenous doses and immunosuppressives such as azathioprine and cyclophosphamide are essential for more severe conditions such as kidney glomerulonephritis, vascular inflammation, blood disorders, neuropathies and brain diseases.
There are new drugs under clinical trials such as anti-CD40 Ligand Monoclonal Antibodies.

The course and development of the disease of lupus erythematosus.. Deaths are caused by injuries in the kidneys or nervous system

- Lupus erythematosus is characterized by symptoms in the form of seizures, the severity of the disease and then disappear symptoms (period of inactivity) for long periods, and this can happen even with a kidney injury.
- Sometimes the course of the disease is chronic.
- The proportion of life for 10 years is 90%.
- Arthritis often comes in the form of intermittent and non-deformed joints.
- Deaths are caused by injuries to the kidneys or nervous system.

Pregnancy and lupus erythema.. Use of barriers to prevent pregnancy instead of grain. Repeated abortion due to antibodies to phospholipid in the blood

Pregnancy and Lupus erythematosus - Pregnancy and SLE:
- Fertility of women with the presence of the disease is usually normal except in very severe cases.
- There is nothing to prevent pregnancy.
- Use of barriers to prevent pregnancy instead of grain.
Frequent miscarriage is possible due to the presence of antibodies to phospholipids in the blood.
- It is possible to increase the disease and its severity during pregnancy as well as increase in the period of puberty.
- Treatment continues in pregnancy as it is outside the pregnancy.
- The mortality rate of fetuses is higher than 25% with antibodies to phospholipid in the blood and kidney injuries.
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)