Showing posts with label abortion. Show all posts

The abortion law in Germany.. Allow it if required by the woman within certain limits for pregnancy and be performed by a doctor in the institution of treatment

1871 Chapter 218 of the Criminal Code Abortion was imposed on 5 years imprisonment for women, but since 1990 a legal framework has been established to allow abortion in the following cases:

If the woman has demanded it.
within certain limits of pregnancy.
Aborting a doctor in a treatment institution.

Abortion.. Induced abortion (or voluntary termination of pregnancy) is a simple and common medical act

Abortion:

The WHO defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, which is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

To make health for all a reality and move towards the progressive realization of human rights, all people must have access to quality health care, including comprehensive abortion care services – which include information, abortion care and post-abortion care.

The lack of access to safe, affordable, respectful and timely abortion care poses a risk not only to the physical, but also to the mental and social well-being of women and girls.

Induced abortion (or voluntary termination of pregnancy) is a simple and common medical act.

Each year, almost half of all pregnancies – 121 million – are unintended; six out of ten pregnancies are unwanted pregnancies and of all pregnancies, three out of ten end in induced abortion.

Abortion is safe when performed according to a method recommended by the WHO, adapted to the duration of the pregnancy, and by a person with the necessary skills.

However, when women with unwanted pregnancies face barriers to obtaining a quality abortion, they often resort to unsafe abortion.

Ensuring that women and girls have access to evidence-based abortion care – which means that it is safe, performed with respect for the person and free from discrimination – is fundamental to achieving the goals of Sustainable Development (SDGs) relating to good health and well-being (SDG 3) and gender equality (SDG 5).

Buddhism and the arrest of voluntary pregnancy .. Determine the beginning of life of the person once the first sense of awareness of the ability to feel pleasure or pain

Buddhism determines the beginning of a person's life as soon as the first sense of awareness is born: the ability to feel pleasure or pain.

Buddhism forbids abortion leading to dehumanization. Buddhism's first principle is to prevent murder.

- Murder in the eyes of Buddhism is coupled with the availability of 3 conditions:

- The murderer's will to kill his victim.

- The actual effort to kill.

- Death of the victim.

- According to the law of Buddhism, a cleric who advises or facilitates abortion commits a grave error and is expelled from the temple.

- In Buddhism in Tibet, the Dalairama acknowledges that there are cases of abortion in case of a social accident that goes beyond Buddhist philosophy.

Immune factors and abortion.. Immune disease in pregnant women, accompanied by the presence of antibodies and blood clotting events and the lack of platelets

Immune factors and abortion Autoimmune factors

Newly increased attention to the role of immune pregnancy loss through disclosure of the relationship between autoantibodies Autoantibodies The frequent occurrence of spontaneous abortion, such as antibodies APA The Anti-dsDNA antibodies The antibodies Almetukondria Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) ANA antibodies And others.

Knew the role of immune factors in recurrent pregnancy loss even in women who do not have clinical signs indicative of Immune diseases.
Attention to the fact that has emerged immune cause of recurrent spontaneous abortion by revealing the relationship between antibodies APA And ACA And LA And recurrent pregnancy loss where it was noted that 10% of women who have lost their pregnancies frequently have antibodies LA And 10-30% of them have antibodies ACAAnd that the majority of those women do not have symptoms of immune.

Conducted on 242 pregnant women which appeared that 65% of women with antibodies APA(Giralmaagat) experienced pregnancy loss or the death of the fetus.
Immune diseases attributable to different immune disorders cause tissue damage many, in the natural state of the immune system can distinguish self antigens and against it, but the failure to do so could lead to many favorable events and the emergence of immune diseases.
The immune diseases (Giralmchksh) In pregnant women, accompanied by a APA antibodies And blood clotting events Thrombtic events Blood and thrombocytopenia Thrombocytopenia Can pose special risk factors lead to pregnancy loss have.
That both humoral immunity Humoral immunity And cellular immunity Cellular immunity Could Tngaran during pregnancy, but that there is no clear agreement about the nature of those changes and there is no final agreement on the effect of pregnancy in the production of autoantibodies where research recorded an increase, decrease or may reach the same in patients with immune.
At the time studied autoantibodies in women with symptoms associated with disease immune to the same, there are few studies that have focused on autoantibodies in pregnant women who do not have such symptoms Among the problems that have accompanied previous studies is lack of aggregates control, and indicated some research only to the presence of autoantibodies in women with normal pregnancies, And that such antibodies are more frequent compared with heterosexual women of Giralhawwaml. Also brings the possibility of the emergence of immune diseases during pregnancy And changes in the levels of autoantibodies during pregnancy can be attributed to the impact of steroid hormones Steroid hormones Or other factors on the immune system, but the levels of antibodies generally do not change or rise slightly during pregnancy.

For the life of the white blood cells.. In case lymph Cells in the rest of the white cells

They are very short-lived when compared erythrocyte, Age about a couple of hours in the case of lymph Cells and from day to day in the rest of the white cells.

White Blood Cells are defined as a group of cells that form inside the bone marrow. They are then distributed in the blood, which is a major part of the immune system in the body and plays an important role in protecting the body from Infections that may arise as a result of the entry of bacteria, viruses, or other microbes.

Types of white blood cells:
White blood cells differ in their characteristics and number, and the total number of healthy adults is between 4000-11000 cells per microliter. These cells are divided into five main types:

- Neutrophils:
Between 2500 and 7500 cells per μl, characterized by multi-lobed nuclei inside them, as well as the presence of small floral beads in the Cytoplasm (Cytoplasm), and specializes in protecting the body against acute infection, specifically Infection caused by bacteria and fungi.

Lymphocytes:
Between 1500 and 3500 cells per microliter, characterized as monoclonal with blue cytoplasm. The cytoplasm may contain granules.
The lymphocytes form the body's defense line against chronic infection and viral infection.

Monocytes:
200 to 800 cells per μl, characterized by a single folded nucleus.
The cytoplasm is differentiated between blue and gray, and can contain some gaps and granules. Its function is to fight chronic infection .

Eosinophils:
They are between 40-400 cells per μl.
They are characterized by double-lobed nuclei, as well as large pink granules within the cytoplasm.
These cells are active in allergy and parasitic infections.

Basophils:
They are between 10-100 cells per microliter and are characterized by a double-lobed nucleus.
Their cytoplasm contains large black and brown granules, and these cells activate when they are sensitive.

Antibodies phosphorous lipids and abortion.. Crash platelet membranes and damage the lining of the blood vessels caused by the inability to activate protein C

Include antibodies APA A group of autoantibodies and antibodies specifically ACA And Alfosfotidil antibodies serine Antiphosphotidyl serine antibodeis As well as other autoantibodies Kaloddad DNA Anti-dsANA AMA And Antithyroid antibodies (ATA).
Associated antibodies APA IgG class Or IgM Or IgA Baahmyat phosphorous Phospholipids Negatively charged.

The most important types clinically and which have a close relationship recurrent spontaneous abortion, Is the so-called traditionally Boddad ACA And LA.
The APA antibodies Have

APA antibodies Negatively charged A group of women with immune diseases have experienced spontaneous abortions frequently or having vascular Crud, is that these women had to have antibodies to the negatively charged phosphorous lipids and heart fat with an increase in the level of IgG antibody .

The mechanisms influencing patients that have been identified include platelet membranes crash and damage the lining of the blood vessels caused by the inability to activated protein C, and inhibition Albroostoschaelin Prostocycline So recurrent spontaneous abortion may happen due to incompetence placental blood vessels Placental vascular .

Studies indicate that antibodies ACA Associated with each negatively charged phospholipids lipids.
Thus researchers focused on the study of antibodies ACA Including researchersLockshin et al., (1985) N made it clear that the level of antibodies ACA Is of predictive value about the risk of fetal loss or death in patients with SLE.

Recent studies indicate the role of antibodies APA Against Alvesfotidil serine Phosphotidyl serine (PS) And mostly of the IgM class Inhibitors to form the placenta and the frequent occurrence of spontaneous abortion, Hence T a T importance antibodies ACA And LA APA Have been identified and the presence of such antibodies for the first time indirectly and that decades ago when he found that about 15% of patients with SLE.
And noteworthy here that the test VDRL Which determined the effectiveness of antibodies against the antigen (antigen reagent Reagent antigen) Which is a mixture of phosphorous containing lipids Alvesfotidil Colin Phosphotidyl choline (PC) CholesterolCholesterol And Cardiolipin heart fat (CL).
As non-specific antibodies reactive with this antigen observed in infections other than screw Treponemal infection Immune disorder and unrest resulting from the abuse of some medicines and even among some of the healthy people.

Abortion in Malta, Canada and South Korea .. If the pregnancy is due to rape or incest or when there is deformity in the fetus

Abortion in Malta, Canada and South Korea:

- Abortion in Malta:
Abortion may be performed if the pregnancy is caused by rape or when there is deformation in the fetus.

- Abortion in Canada:
Abortion is authorized at the request of a woman under a report signed by at least three doctors.

- Abortion in South Korea:
The 2010 law criminalizes abortion only in cases of rape or incest.

Phosphorous lipids antibody syndrome.. Patients who are better with clinical features with quality and the presence of high levels of antibodies APA

Phosphorous lipids antibody syndrome Antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) syndrome

The patients who are better with clinical features with quality and the presence of high levels of antibodies APA Described that have antibody syndrome APA.

I studied this syndrome for the first time in the early fifties of the last century when women with long-term bleeding can not be cured, or suffer the case of excessive clotting ability Hypercoagulability And fetal loss occurs frequently.
And then described antibodies ACA And LA IgG) And IgM And (IgA Koddad earned her a special activity against lipid phosphorous bearing a negative charge,

Also believed to interfere with the installation of expanded vascular effective prostaglandin ProstaglandinAnd Albroostaschaelin Prostacyclin Through the cells lining the blood vessels Endothelial cells Exposed to coagulation and placental infarction Placental infarction Causing the inefficiency of the placenta and then pregnancy loss.

Independently adopt a link ACA On plasma protein is B 2 GP 1, That this protein is associated with negatively charged phosphorous Baahmyat and owns properties weak anticoagulant, at most through the inhibition of anticoagulant Toraltmas and effectiveness Anzim inhibition by Alkhtherin ProthrombinaseBlood plate.

He thus B 2 GP 1 As an adjunct Co factor In antibodies APA association, And it can be divided antibodiesACA To antibodies based on B 2 GP 1 And antibodies Garmatmdh. Characterized antibodies approved that have a direct link with the clinical features of the syndrome antibodies APA Compared to non-accredited.
The inhibition of natural anticoagulant by these antibodies may partially explain the tendency toward thrombosis in patients with antibody syndrome APA.

There was support for the idea of the differences between antibodies APA Where registered serum samples containing antibodies against B 2 GP 1 Often be positive in tests ACA While the sample containerLA And Garahawih antibodies ACA Shown to effectively link PAL B 2 GP 1.
The belief now is that there is a group of antibodies with a tendency toward diverse protein-lipid complexes phosphorescent Protein phospholipids, And this explanation, the antibodies of coagulation pattern lupus Lupus React with antibodies before Alkhtherin Prothrobmin Associated Baahmyat phosphorous or phosphorous lipid complexes with B 2 GP 1.
At which behave B 2 GP 1 As a catalyst and a protein is mandatory in the case of the presence of antibodies to ACA.

There are other proteins can sometimes work as catalysts mandatory and include Anksan - V (Rand et al., 1997) Annexin-V (AN-V) And protein C And S Anzim Lubricant phosphorusPhospholipase And placental anticoagulant protein Placental anticoagulant protein.

Although it is now clear that the APA antibodies Interact with lipids phosphorous, it is still there is no doubt about any of the determinants Almstddh interact with antibodies APA Wi catalysts for this reaction are required.

Clinical association of a antibodies. B. A with other autoantibodies.. Recurrent spontaneous abortion and fetal mortality and arterial and venous thrombosis

Clinical association of antibodies APA

N APA antibodies Linked to several conditions including recurrent spontaneous abortion and fetal mortality and arterial and venous thrombosis, that patients who have levels of these antibodies branded as infected antibodies APA syndrome APA syndrome.

Although described many antibodies APA Non That two of them are most relevant to spontaneous abortion and described well, one of the class IgG And be of substandard medium Oomtfh both ACA AndLA.

It is also one of the markers of this syndrome.

The IgG antibodies And to a lesser extent IgM Is closely related antibodies APA syndrome , Either antibody IgA Did not receive the same amount of attention.
Modern Chirdrasat to link antibody IgA With thrombotic events in Rthwaih disease.
Rheumatic diseases Had suggested To link antibodies APA IgA class And more particularly antibodies ACA And B 2 GP 1 Including frequent cases of spontaneous abortion and cases embryos Garmarovh death causes and where the results of tests on deduced IgG And LA Negative, Which refers to the possibility of adopting ACA antibodies IgA class In the diagnosis of antibody syndrome APA And that no usual diagnosed modalities.

So Valahmah clinical antibodies LA Or high levels of antibodies ACA Been increasingly apart in a number of clinical disorders including SLE And other immune diseases and connective tissue disorders disordersConnective tissue Caused by some treatments and some disorders not related Pal SLE, Disorderly nervous system and eye infections or eating certain drugs.

The presence of antibodies APA In some cases is extra Epiphenomenon phenomenon While be directly related and essential in other cases.
The clinical signs included inflammatory thrombophlebitisThrombophlebitis Variety called syndrome antibodies LA And antibody syndrome phosphorous lipids and protein antibody syndrome APA.

The majority of women with antibodies APA Do not have symptoms phenomenon is that some of them have to have immunity to diseases which requires assessing their cases in an appropriate manner.
Despite the presence of antibodies APA High in SLE patients, Guerin There Another satisfactory events have making your diagnosis Palmarbat who have thrombotic events the presence of antibodies to APAPoints out that there is antibody syndrome APA Primary Primary APA syndrome.

PayPal feature women with SLE Petkrarhadduth spontaneous abortion, Guerin women who have abortions spontaneously to Ateltaki with indicators laboratory diagnostics SLE.

ANA antibodies play And LA ACA causing role in the frequent occurrence of spontaneous abortion self malady Idiopathic And there is a need to deal with these problems and treated on the basis of these indicators laboratory.

Studies indicated frequency of spontaneous abortion in women who reveal their rise in antibodies ANACompared with women Giralmjhiat.
Final did not specify the reasons behind the formation of such opposites but it seems that there is a willingness and genetically, as may be determined in the light of the pattern of HLA.

The SLE Model is a disease that accompanies his presence antibodies APA Which cause significantly higher rates of spontaneous abortion, including nearly 50% of women living with the disease in its active form.
Women who get to have spontaneous abortions frequently does not apply to them PAL standards SLE Guerin and many of them reveal their features like lupus lupus likeActivation and features multi monoclonal B lymphoma cells

B-lymphpcytes Be more common to have.
The exact mechanism through which contribute ANA antibodies In causing spontaneous abortion Giroadhh enough Guerin pathological studies on Almchaam showed inflammatory changes in the uterus with a vascular inflammation.
Test is used to detect antibodies ANA To investigate incidence of SLE disease And other diseases, such as rheumatic fever Rheumatic fever And rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis, Collected all these diseases common clinical features, as is arthritis Arthritis The common denominator among them, as are all characterized by producing antibodies Alztah.

Found that antibodies ANA Is Kama Gljubljn interacts with the nuclei of cells of various organs and it belongs to more than one class of varieties immune Algljubljnat and undetectable ELISA technology As factors are detected antibodies nuclear protein shapes pain accompanied with some immune diseases.

Not all antibodies ANA Satisfactory for the adoption of pathogenicity class specific immunoglobulins and immune complex consisting size and location of the deposition tissue and its ability to install the system complement Complement system.

There are other autoantibodies such as antibodies AMA Where Istaan these antibodies to detect proteins, lipids phosphorous located within the inner membrane of mitochondria Mitochondria EspeciallyCL.
Antibodies AMA level rises In the case of SLE And thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis and pernicious anemia etc.

As for Boddad Anti-dsDNA The people there are three types of antibodies directed against DNA, namely:

1. Anti-ssDNA antibodies

2. Anti-dsDNA antibodies

3. Hybrid antibodies both unilateral and bilateral. In time by which antibodies indicates

Anti-dsDNA PayPal to injury SLE Van Anti-ssDNA antibodies May be associated with many chronic conditions.

Offense and immune factors abortion.. Rejection of the fetus by the mother's immune system because Mstddath. Failure of the immune system of the mother in the production of of certain antibodies

Offense and immune factors abortion Alloimmune factors

Cause fetal antigens in rejection by the mother's immune system, protection of this effect has been assumed by many researchers as include the presence of a matriarchal shutter Maternal blocking factorRepresented deduced from the class IgG Which cover the antigen curious of the fetus, which prevents reject the fetus by the mother has, the researchers said those women with recurrent spontaneous abortion may Aauizen like that factor shutter (Coulam & Hemenway, 1999; Chong et al., 1995).

Not many studies prove role of textile antigen system interoperability in human (HLA) In making the mother's immune system fails to produce antibodies Algalqh,

Where there were no differences between the degree of contribution of HLA antigen In couples with recurrent spontaneous abortion and control groups, longitudinal study has shown before and after the pregnancy completed pairs frequently suffer from abortion did not find differences in the extent of the contribution of HLA Between couples who succeeded their pregnancy and later among those lost as well as the inability to prove an increase in the production of the immunological factors Algalqh against HLAantigen Jenin (parental) after pregnancy in each of these women and the control group (Caudle et al.,1983) . While the researchers found Stites et al., (1997) Through their study on a group of women with recurrent spontaneous abortion of white pellets injection Leucocytes From their husbands have a greater chance (78%) for the success of their pregnancy compared to women who inject white Pkryaten themselves and are not recipients of other treatments (37%). It is through injecting women with recurrent spontaneous abortion unknown reasons, the chance of successful pregnancy have been only 50%. (Stites et al., 1997).

Antigenic determinants privacy and abortion.. Sabotage of the lining of the blood vessels and platelet membranes vessels inhibiting Albroostoschaelin which is tantamount to an enlarged blood vessels

Antigenic determinants privacy and abortion Epitop specificity

It is now clear that APA antibodies Interact with lipids phosphorous, but there is considerable debate about the antigenic determinants Epitops That interact with these antibodies.

The phosphorous lipid molecules are components of cell membranes and formation of antibodies to these lipids phosphorous linked to many of the conditions which the effects of further academic studies, as theAPA antibodies Have the ability to sabotage events to the lining of the blood vessels and platelet membranes and through discourage Albroostoschaelin that is tantamount to an enlarged blood vesselsVasodilator And overlap With activated protein C (Harris et al., 1985 a, b) , Mizbb in platelet adhesion and relatively high Althermbucsan Thromboxan Which is a contractile vascular Vasoconstrictor Causing in the case leading to the events of thrombotic process, which could have, if I got in the uterine circulation placental fetal death or impaired growth, due to lack of oxygen or blood contained him.

Some phosphorous lipid molecules and more particularly Alvesfotidil serine (PS) Have Altsaqah properties allowing cellular docking and thus become trophoblastic layer cellular Cytotrophoblast Built blastoma cell diet Syncytiotrophoblast Or compact cellular Syncytia And that regulate the passage of nutrients to the fetus (Chong et al., 1995).

Some studies have demonstrated the presence of monoclonal antibodies against PS (And not against CL),which have the ability to inhibit the emergence of a layer built cell in vitro, as well as contain Mchaam women who suffer from them for spontaneous abortion on a high percentage of APA-IgM antibodiesAssociated with a layer built against cellular lipid phosphorous (Chong et al., 1995) .

The possibility that maternal antibodies to lipid molecules phosphorous rise by 10% with all abortions, and that such an effect is cumulative (Beer & Kwak, 1991).

Found that monoclonal antibodies against DNA interact Tsalbea with CL And the effectiveness of LA , Suggesting that DNA and lipid phosphorous antigenic determinants generally interact with antibody APAAnd group Alvesvudayastr Phosphodiester In both DNA and lipid phosphorous are antigenic determinants,as shown in Figure (1-1), also found that removing part Alklisraad Glyceride CL molecule Cause the loss of antigen, suggesting that part Alklisraad longer essential to link antibody may help in guiding a group Alvesvudayastr

To link well with ACA antibodies This probably explains the reason behind the lack of correlation antibodies Baltrakip other container on the totals Alvesvudayastr Kdzeih DNA (Smeenk et al., 1987; Harriset al., 1985 b).

Autoantibodies to various lipid phosphorous.. Endothelial cell membranes and platelets. Fold internal cellular membranes is activated

Autoantibodies to various lipid phosphorous Autoantibodies to different phospholipids

Containing the plasma membrane types of lipids negatively charged phosphorus and phosphorus lipids hybrid Phospholipids zwitterions Cal PE Making them potential targets for antibodies APA , That the fact that PE Qualitative target for antibodies APA Is of particular importance because of the need him in order to show the effectiveness of anti-clotting protein C- Activated and that inhibition of this activity is an effective mechanism to increase coagulation (Laroch et al., 1996).

The CL Which have a specific distribution significantly in the inner membrane of the mitochondria can not be longer target Regular antigenically in vivo for antibodies APA,

Leading some researchers to propose using phosphorus lipids other to determine APA antibodies.

Use PS Kmstdd alternative that most antibodies ACA PayPal would be linked PS Which resemble actual CLIn being positioned in the membranes of endothelial cells and platelets, and in any case it was found thePS In the internal fold of cellular membranes is activated and undergo rotational antibodies only after activating the tanker it of cell to external fold, so, there is a question whether PS Physiology antigen antibodies APA (Luiz et al., 1989).

Maternal causes of spontaneous abortion.. Congenital malformation of the uterus or AIDS. Inability to provide a suitable environment for the growth and nurturing of the fetus

Maternal reasons for Maternal causes spontaneous abortion

Mother can also cause a miscarriage through some of the factors that related to her body, such as nutrition Nutrition Age Age In the cavity of the uterus Uterine cavity Or be sourced semen Seminal fluid Be as causal factors leading to abortion, and viruses known its relationship abortion embryos virus rubellaRubella virus The virus cytomegalic Cytomegalovirus (CMV) The herpes virus

Simple Herpes simplex virus (HSV) (Langman, 1995) That spontaneous abortion characteristically associated with syphilis Syphilis As can be active treponemas pallidum Treponema pallidum Cross the placenta and influence embryos, which may cause the birth of a stillborn or newborn death, as well as lead the mother primary parasite Toxoplasma gondii To the formation of birth defects originating toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis (Langman, 1995).
In addition, the hormonal status of the mother may play a role in that (refunded detailed later), Can also immunological factors for the mother to play a major role in recurrent pregnancy loss.

Embryonic causes of spontaneous abortion.. Mechanism of the formation of the fetus. Configuration abnormal fertilized egg. Genetic structure such as Swe pigment formula

Reasons spontaneous of Lalla abortion embryonic Fetal causes

Related to the etiology mechanism of the formation of the fetus Abnormal zygote development In the womb as the composition of the fertilized egg and causes abnormal relevant genetic makeup pigment such as Swe formula Euploid abortion And abnormal chromosomal formula Aneuploid abortion.

Induced abortion (intentional).. Deliberate termination of pregnancy either for medical reasons or for others. Complete abortion. Incomplete abortion. Recurrent miscarriage Ooualematad

Induced abortion (deliberate) Induced abortion And the termination of pregnancy occurs deliberately either for medical reasons or for others.

And can identify the types of abortion derived from previous species such as complete abortion Complete abortion And incomplete abortion Incomplete abortion And recurrent miscarriage Ooualematad Habitual or recurrent abortion And abortion stinking Septic abortion And the inevitable abortion Inevitable abortion(Cunningham et al., 1997; Chamberlain, 1996).

Spontaneous abortion and types.. The descent of the contents of the uterus fetus and placenta and placental membranes before fetal growth sufficiently can survive outside the womb

And types of spontaneous abortion Spontaneous abortion and its types

Abortion is defined as the descent of the contents of the uterus Uterus (Fetus Fetus The placenta PlacentaAnd placental membranes Placental membranes ) Before the growth of the fetus is sufficiently can survive outside the womb. Often occurs abortion during the early stages of pregnancy any during the first three months of pregnancy First trimester May get as well as during the second trimester of pregnancy Second trimester As for abortion that happened at the beginning of the last three months of pregnancy Third trimester Is called late abortion Late abortion It is no different for premature birth where the fetus is alive in both cases (Chamberlain, 1996) . Sources indicate that 10-15% of pregnancies that can be inferred clinically could end in abortion spontaneous (automatic) Spontaneous abortion (Frederickson & Wilkings-Haug, 1997; Chamberlain, 1996) as confirmed by WHO also indicate that 25% of pregnancies that could end in abortion, most especially in the third world countries (Berer, 2000).

There are four main reasons taken into consideration in the evaluation of patients who have a history clinically refers to a spontaneous abortion and infection include Infection The defect in the chromosomesChromosomal abnormalities The levels of some disorder Heromunat Hormones disorder And anatomical changes Anatomic abnormalities , Is that the majority of cases of fetal loss mediated immune disorders include the presence of autoantibodies Autoantibodies Koddad phosphorous lipids Antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) The nuclear antibodies Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) And inadequate antibody AlgalqhBlocking antibodies When the mother and against white blood cell antigens Leukocytes Lab (Chong et al.,1995) Histocompatiblity leukocyte antigens (HLA) . Classified causes of recurrent spontaneous abortionRecurrent spontaneous abortion Immunological mechanisms Immune mechanisms 50% and a chromosomal disorder by 7-50% and the disruption of luteal phase Luteal phase defect By 5-20% and anatomical changes by 5-10% and infections Infections 1% and finally 15% unknown reasons (Chong et al., 1995) . It is important to know that many women who happen to have spontaneous abortions unknown reasons, 60% of them they can have children later and naturally (Stites et al., 1997) , Guerin chances of a successful pregnancy much less than when the causes of abortion immunological events Vtkon by 30% after three abortions and by 25% after four miscarriages and only 5% after five miscarriages, while higher chance of successful pregnancy of 70-85% in the case of treatment Such reasons (Chong et al., 1995) .

I noticed most of the studies that women with repeated three abortions or more commonly to be have an imbalance immunologically or autoimmune disease or hormonal disorders, etc., and that the recurrence of such disorders in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion compared with women with normal pregnancy (Coulam & Hemenway, 1999; Chong et al., 1995; Stray-Pederson, 1948) Were as follows:

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (%)	Normal pregnancy (%)	Diagnosis
6-65	1-3	Immunological
15-50	-------	Autoimmune disease
5-29	3-8	Hormonal
1-28	5-15	Anatomical
2-5	0.2	Genetic (parental)

Spontaneous abortion (automatic).. Threatened miscarriage. Last abortion (Mansi). Little bleeding without pain during the early stages of pregnancy. Pregnancy failure as a result of the death of the fetus

Intended termination of pregnancy self involuntarily before the period in which they can be the life of the fetus outside the womb any possible less than 24 weeks (Chamberlain, 1996), And can be divided into two types:

A- threatened miscarriage Threatened abortion And is characterized by the occurrence little bleeding without pain during the early stages of pregnancy and gets 20-25% of all cases of pregnancy, the fetus is it still alive inside the womb.

B- Last abortion (Mansi) Missed abortion (Or so-called death of the fetus), a failed pregnancy as a result of the death of the fetus and be recognized before throwing pregnancy outcomes.

Spontaneous abortion and its types .. The descent of the contents of the uterus fetus, placenta and chorionic membranes before the fetus is sufficiently developed can survive the ectopic

Spontaneous abortion and its types Spontaneous abortion and its types
Abortion is defined as the descent of the uterus Uterus (fetus, placenta, and placental membranes) before the fetus is sufficiently mature to survive outside the uterus. In the early trimester, abortion may occur during the first trimester and may occur during the second trimester. If the abortion occurs in the early trimester, it is called late abortion and is different from early birth. Where the fetus is alive in both cases (Chamberlain,
1996). Sources point out that 10-15% of clinically debilitating pregnancies can end with spontaneous abortion (Frederickson & Wilkings-Haug, 1997; Chamberlain, 1996), as confirmed by the World Health Organization, where 25 % Of pregnancies can end with abortion, especially in Third World countries (Berer, 2000).
There are four main reasons to be taken into account in assessing patients with a clinical history of spontaneous abortion, including Infection, chromosomal abnormalities, hormonal disorder, and anatomic abnormalities. However, most fetal disorders are mediated by immune disorders, Autoantibodies such as antiphospholipid antibodies (APA), anti-double stranded DNA antibodies (Anti-dsDNA), antinuclear antibodies (ANA), and insufficient antibody-blocking antibodies Dat white blood cells Leukocytes to Lab (Chong et al., 1995) Histocompatiblity leukocyte antigens (HLA). Recurrent spontaneous abortion was classified as 50% immunomodulatory disorder, chromosomal disorder by 7-50%, luteal phase defect by 5-20%, anatomical changes of 5-10% and Infections by 1% and finally 15% by non- Known causes (Chong et al., 1995). It is important to know that women who have spontaneous abortions are not known for reasons, 60% of them can later have a normal birth (Stites et al., 1997). The chances of pregnancy success are much lower when the causes of abortion are immune events, After 3 miscarriages, 25% after four abortions and only 5% after five miscarriages, while the chance of pregnancy success increases from 70-85% if treated (Chong et al., 1995).

Immunogenic factors, abortion, rejection of the embryo by the mother's immune system due to its antigens. Failure of the mother's immune system to produce shutter antibodies

Alloimmune factors and abortion
The antigen of the fetus is rejected by the mother's immune system. Protection from this effect has been assumed by many researchers to include the presence of a maternal blocking factor (IgG) that covers the foreign antigen, preventing the fetus from The researchers have shown that women with frequent spontaneous abortions may lack such a closure factor (Coulam & Hemenway, 1999; Chong et al., 1995).
Many studies have not demonstrated the role of HLA in making the mother's immune system fail to produce clogged antibodies,
There was no difference between the degree of HLA antigen in couples with frequent spontaneous miscarriages and control groups. A prenatal and postpartum follow-up study was performed on couples with recurrent miscarriage who found no differences in the extent of HLA contribution among couples who later succeeded in pregnancy As well as their inability to demonstrate an increase in the production of immunosuppressive agents against the HLA of the fetus after birth in both these women and the control group (Caudle et al., 1983). Stays et al. (1997) found that a group of women with spontaneous miscarriages reported that women who had leukocytes had more chances (78%) than did women who had their own white pellets and were not receiving treatment Others (37%). In a study by Smith & Cowchock (1988), by injecting women with frequent spontaneous miscarriages, the chances of successful pregnancy were only 50%. In another study involving 15 research centers, the researchers noted an increase in the proportion of births from 60-70% in the group treated with Paternal Leukocyte Immunization (PLI) (Stites et al., 1997).

Self-Immunological Factors and Abortion. Self-Immunological Diseases in Pregnant Women Accompanied by Antibodies and Coagulation and Low Platelets

Autoimmune factors and autoimmune factors
The role of self-immunity in pregnancy loss has recently been heightened by the detection of autoantibodies and recurrent spontaneous miscarriages such as APA antibodies, anti-dsDNA antibodies, anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA), lupus anticoagulant antibodies (LA) and mitochondria Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) and antibodies ANA and others.
The role of autoimmune factors in recurrent pregnancy loss was recognized even in women without clinical signs of autoimmune diseases (Blumenfeld et al., 1991; Dudley & Branch, 1989). Attention to self-immunity has been a frequent cause of spontaneous abortion by detecting the association between APA, ACA and LA antibodies and recurrent pregnancy loss. It was noted that 10% of women who lost frequently had LA antibodies and 10-30% had ACA The majority of these women do not have self-protective symptoms (Dudley & Branch, 1989). In a study by Scott & Rote (1987), 242 pregnant women were performed, showing that 65% of women with APA (non-treatment) had a pregnancy loss or the death of their daughter. Self-immune diseases are attributed to different immune disorders that cause many tissue damage. In a normal state, the immune system can recognize and respond to antigens, but failure can lead to many pathological events and autoimmune diseases. Uncontrolled autoimmune diseases in pregnant women accompanied by APA, thrombtic events, and thrombocytopenia can be special risk factors that lead to loss of pregnancy (Frederickson & Wilkings -Haug, 1997). Both humoral immunity and cellular immunity can change during pregnancy, but there is no clear agreement on the nature of these changes. There is no definitive agreement on the effect of pregnancy on self-antibody production, where research has increased or decreased or may have reached Self - Immune Patients. While self-antibodies have been studied in women with symptoms associated with autoimmune diseases, few studies have focused on self-antibodies in pregnant women who do not have such symptoms. Among the problems that have been associated with previous studies is their lack of control groups, (Patterson et al., 1987), and that such antibodies are more frequent than those with normal pregnancies (Poluk et al., 1971; Meles et al., 1983; Farrom et al., 1984; Natural women who are not pregnant. The probability of developing autoimmune diseases during pregnancy (Peresellin, 1976) and changes in levels of self-antibodies during pregnancy can be attributed to the effect of steroid hormones or other factors on the immune system, but levels of antibodies generally do not change or rise slightly during Pregnancy (Kenney & Diamond, 1980).

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