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Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS): Understanding Your Concerns

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome:

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a serious condition that affects newborns who have been exposed to addictive drugs or other substances while in the womb. This exposure can happen through the placenta, which filters substances from the mother's bloodstream to the baby.

I understand that this can be a difficult and sensitive topic, so I want to assure you that I am here to provide you with accurate and compassionate information.

Basic information:

Here are some key things to know about NAS:

- Causes:

NAS is most commonly caused by exposure to opioids, such as heroin, methadone, or prescription pain medications. However, it can also be caused by other drugs, including amphetamines, cocaine, alcohol, and tobacco.

- Symptoms:

Babies with NAS experience withdrawal symptoms similar to those experienced by adults who are withdrawing from drugs. These symptoms can include:

Irritability and excessive crying
Trembling and shakiness
Poor feeding and difficulty sucking
Diarrhea and vomiting
Fever and sweating
Seizures (in severe cases)

- Diagnosis:

NAS is diagnosed by doctors based on the baby's symptoms and on information about the mother's drug use during pregnancy.

- Treatment:

There is no cure for NAS, but there are treatments that can help to manage the baby's symptoms and make them more comfortable. Treatment typically involves medications and supportive care in a hospital setting.

- Long-term effects:

The long-term effects of NAS are not fully understood, but some babies may experience developmental delays or other health problems.

In an infant, a bulging fontanel is the most significant sign of increasing intracranial pressure

- A child in Bryant’s traction who’s younger than age 3 or weighs less than 30 lb (13.6 kg) should have the buttocks slightly elevated and clear or the bed. The knees should be slightly flexed, and the legs should be extended at a right angle to the body. The body provides the traction mechanism.
- In an infant, a bulging fontanel is the most significant sign of increasing intracranial pressure.

hazards present increased risk of harm to children

Certain hazards present increased risk of harm to children and occur more often at different ages. For infants, more falls, burns, and suffocation occur; for toddlers, there are more burns, poisoning, and drowning for preschoolers, more playground equipment accidents, choking, poisoning, and drowning; and for adolescents, more automobile accidents, drowning, fires, and firearm accidents.

The primary concern with infusing large volumes of fluid is circulatory overload

The primary concern with infusing large volumes of fluid is circulatory overload.
This is especially true in children and infants, and in clients with renal disease.

Developmental theories include Havighurst’s age periods and developmental tasks

Developmental theories include Havighurst’s age periods and developmental tasks; Freud’s five stages of development; Kohlberg’s stages of moral development; Erikson’s eight stages of development; and Piaget’s phases of cognitive development.

Choking from mechanical obstruction is the leading cause of death for infants - Failure to thrive

- Choking from mechanical obstruction is the leading cause of death (by suffocation) for infants younger than 1 year of age.
- Failure to thrive is a term used to describe an infant who falls below the fifth percentile for weight and height on a standard measurement chart.

The most adequate diet for an infant in the first 6 months of life is breast milk

- The most adequate diet for an infant in the first 6 months of life is breast milk.
- An infant can usually chew food by 7 months, hold spoon by 9 month, and drink fluid from a cup by 1 year of age.

microwaving food and fluids isn’t recommend for infants

Although microwaving food and fluids isn’t recommend for infants, it’s commonplace in the United States.
Therefore the family should be toughs to test the temperature of the food or fluid against their own skin before allowing it to be consumed by the infant.

feeding an infant any fluid that has been warmed.. Newborn diapers daily

- Before feeding an infant any fluid that has been warmed, test a drop of the liquid on your own skin to prevent burning the infant.

- A newborn typically wets 6 to 10 diapers per day.

circulating maternal antibodies that will decrease the immune response

Because of circulating maternal antibodies that will decrease the immune response, the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine shouldn’t be given until the infant has reached 1 year of age.

Blood pressure in the arms and legs.. bottle-feeding a newborn with a cleft palate

- Blood pressure in the arms and legs is essentially the same in infants.

- When bottle-feeding a newborn with a cleft palate, hold the infant’s head in an upright position.

An infant born to an HIV-positive mother will.. AZT (zidovudine) for the first 6 weeks of life

- An infant born to an HIV-positive mother will usually receive AZT (zidovudine) for the first 6 weeks of life.

- Infants born to an HIV-positive mother should receive all immunizations of schedule.

Classic signs of shaken baby syndrome

Classic signs of shaken baby syndrome are seizures, slow apical pulse difficulty breathing, and retinal hemorrhage.

Circumcision wouldn’t be performed on a male child with hypospadias

Circumcision wouldn’t be performed on a male child with hypospadias because the foreskin may be needed during surgical reconstruction.

fracture of achild’s femur or tibia.. developmental dysplasia

- A ninety degree-ninety degree traction is used for fracture of a child’s femur or tibia.

- One sign of developmental dysplasia is limping during ambulation.

Roseola appears as discrete rose-pink macules

Roseola appears as discrete rose-pink macules that first appear on the trunk and that fade when pressure is applied.

Signs that a child with cystic fibrosis

Signs that a child with cystic fibrosis is responding to pancreatic enzymes are the absence of steatorrhea, improved appetite, and absence of abdominal pain.

Adolescents may brave pain, especially in front of peers

Adolescents may brave pain, especially in front of peers. Therefore, offer analgesics if pain is suspected or administer the medication if the client asks for it.

A serving size of a food.. The characteristic of fifth disease - erythema infectiosum

- A serving size of a food is usually 1 tablespoon for each year of age.

- The characteristic of fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) is erythema on the face, primarily the cheeks, giving a “slapped face” appearance.

the early phase of chickenpox.. Topical corticosteroids

- Papules, vesicles, and crust are all present at the same time in the early phase of chickenpox.

- Topical corticosteroids shouldn’t be used on chickenpox lesions.

Cilveducation

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Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS): Understanding Your Concerns