Solar radiation, a spectrum of waves dangerous for the skin
The sun is essential to our health. It promotes psychological well-being and stimulates the production of vitamin D which contributes to the maintenance of good bone and dental health in particular.
Solar radiation consists of infrared, visible light and ultraviolet light, most of which is blocked by the ozone layer. While infrared rays are responsible for the sensation of heat on the skin (but do not burn), ultraviolet rays cause significant cell damage (DNA damage, production of free radicals, etc.).
Sunburn and redness are generated by UVB rays, while premature aging of the skin is due to UVA rays which penetrate the deeper layers of the skin.
UVA and UVB rays differ in their intensity and their ability to penetrate the skin more or less deeply:
UVB energy is responsible for “sunburn” (burning of the skin). Their penetration is limited to the epidermis.
UVA rays, on the other hand, cross the stratum corneum to the dermis, damaging its elastin and collagen fibres. They are considered to be the first factors of skin aging.
The sun is also responsible for a significant production of free radicals that alter cell membranes.
The skin is not defenseless against the sun
The skin has a natural adaptation and preservation mechanism: tanning. At the heart of the epidermis, regularly dispersed, are present specific cells called melanocytes. Stimulated by ultraviolet light, melanocytes produce melanin, the natural pigment responsible for skin pigmentation.
This biological process, combined with the phenomena of thickening of the epidermis and sweating, thus gives the skin its ability to partially protect against burns, by absorbing part of the UVB rays. This protection has its limits and does not prevent sunburn and skin aging. Finally, tanning absorbs very little UVA.
What is the sun capital?
Determined at birth and specific to each individual, the sun capital corresponds to the ability of the skin to fight against the damage generated by a determined quantity of UV rays. It brings together all of the skin's defense mechanisms (tanning, thickening of the stratum corneum, anti-radical action and DNA repair) and gradually diminishes with each sun exposure.
Invisible danger causing deep cellular alterations, solar radiation therefore imposes moderate exposure and permanent protection of the skin regardless of phototype (defined by skin tone, ability to tan and ability to have sunburn) , whether in summer or winter at high altitudes.
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