The Function of cement bases are:
1- act a like a barrier against acids or thermal shocks.
2- The minimal thickness, which is required is .05 mm of base
a- 1+2
b- none of the above
c- 1 only***
d- 2 only.
Acids:
Many acids are found naturally, some are essential for life. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), for example, is produced in the stomach and is designated for digestion.
The acids are also widely used in industry, and are part of a huge number of foods and beverages.
However, many acids are toxic, and powerful acids can cause severe burns.
Acid is defined as any group of chemical compounds that share similar properties.
Acid solutions have an acidic taste and produce a burning sensation if the skin is touched.
The acids dissolve several metals and turn the blue sunscreen into red.
Chemical compounds called alkali or alkalis neutralize the acids.
Acid can also be defined as a material acting as a proton agent in the sense that it easily gives up proton to another substance.
However, the acids are widely known as electronic pairing compounds. This definition describes all acids, including non-hydrogen acids, which do not act as a proton donor.
The acid accepts a pair of electrons from another atom or molecule; in such cases, the acid and the electron's partner form a new molecule in which the electrons participate.
Thermal Shocks:
The heat shock sometimes causes refraction and may break down a solid object due to a sudden change in temperature.
Glass and porcelain are particularly susceptible to this type of refraction due to low body strength, low thermal conductivity and high thermal expansion coefficients.
However, these materials are used in many applications with high temperatures due to high melting point.
The heat shock occurs when different parts of the body expand to varying degrees. This unevenly varying degree of temperature can lead to strain or stress in the texture.
In some stages the stress is overcome by the hardness of the material, causing cracking.
If this disintegration is not stopped from spreading through the solid material the body structure collapses.
Acids:
Many acids are found naturally, some are essential for life. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), for example, is produced in the stomach and is designated for digestion.
The acids are also widely used in industry, and are part of a huge number of foods and beverages.
However, many acids are toxic, and powerful acids can cause severe burns.
Acid is defined as any group of chemical compounds that share similar properties.
Acid solutions have an acidic taste and produce a burning sensation if the skin is touched.
The acids dissolve several metals and turn the blue sunscreen into red.
Chemical compounds called alkali or alkalis neutralize the acids.
Acid can also be defined as a material acting as a proton agent in the sense that it easily gives up proton to another substance.
However, the acids are widely known as electronic pairing compounds. This definition describes all acids, including non-hydrogen acids, which do not act as a proton donor.
The acid accepts a pair of electrons from another atom or molecule; in such cases, the acid and the electron's partner form a new molecule in which the electrons participate.
Thermal Shocks:
The heat shock sometimes causes refraction and may break down a solid object due to a sudden change in temperature.
Glass and porcelain are particularly susceptible to this type of refraction due to low body strength, low thermal conductivity and high thermal expansion coefficients.
However, these materials are used in many applications with high temperatures due to high melting point.
The heat shock occurs when different parts of the body expand to varying degrees. This unevenly varying degree of temperature can lead to strain or stress in the texture.
In some stages the stress is overcome by the hardness of the material, causing cracking.
If this disintegration is not stopped from spreading through the solid material the body structure collapses.
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