APA antibodies include a group of antibodies, specifically ACA antibodies, antiphosphotidyl serine antibodyis, as well as other antigens such as DNA Anti-ds, ANA, AMA, and Antithyroid antibodies (ATA). IgA antibodies of IgG, IgM, or IgA are associated with negative charge Phospholipids. The two most clinically important types closely associated with repeated spontaneous abortions (Coulam & Hemenway, 1999; Chong et al., 1995) are traditionally known as ACA and LA antagonists. APA antibodies are important in recurrent pregnancies, with about 40% of women with Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
(Harris et al., 1986). About 30% to 70% of these patients had coagulation events. Although Harris et al. (1986) described a group of women with self-mutilating diseases who had frequent spontaneous miscarriages Or vascular thrombosis, but these women had antibodies to lipospiratory lipids and heart lipids with an increase in antibody level.
The pathological mechanisms identified include thrombocytopenia rupture and vascular endothelial damage caused by the inability to activate C protein (Asherson & Harris, 1987) and prostocycline (Carreras & Vermylen, 1982). Irritability of the placental vascular.
Studies show that ACA antibodies are associated with all negatively charged phosphorus lipids (Harris et al., 1985a, b). Researchers focused on the study of ACA antibodies, including Lockshin et al. (1985), who explained that the level of ACA antibodies has a predictive value about the risk of fetal loss or death in patients with SLE (Harris et al., 1983).
Recent studies indicate the role of APA antibodies against phosphotidyl serine (PS) and most of the IgM class as inhibitors of placental formation and frequent spontaneous abortion (Lyden et al., 1992). Hence the importance of ACA, LA and APA antibodies and associated coagulation And recurrent pregnancy loss (Blumenfeld et al., 1991; Zarrabi et al., 1979). The presence of such antibodies was first identified indirectly decades ago when it was found that about 15% of active SLE patients showed a false positive interaction of venereal diseases research laboratories (VDRL) (Colaco & Male, 1985) . The VDRL test determines the effectiveness of antibodies to the antigen (the antigen, the reagent antigen), a mixture of phosphorous compounds containing phosphotidyl choline (PC), cholesterol, and cardiolipin (CL). The non-specific antibodies The interaction with this antigen has been observed in other non-Treponemal infections such as autoimmune disorders and disorders caused by the use of certain drugs and even by some healthy individuals (Zarrabi et al., 1979).
(Harris et al., 1986). About 30% to 70% of these patients had coagulation events. Although Harris et al. (1986) described a group of women with self-mutilating diseases who had frequent spontaneous miscarriages Or vascular thrombosis, but these women had antibodies to lipospiratory lipids and heart lipids with an increase in antibody level.
The pathological mechanisms identified include thrombocytopenia rupture and vascular endothelial damage caused by the inability to activate C protein (Asherson & Harris, 1987) and prostocycline (Carreras & Vermylen, 1982). Irritability of the placental vascular.
Studies show that ACA antibodies are associated with all negatively charged phosphorus lipids (Harris et al., 1985a, b). Researchers focused on the study of ACA antibodies, including Lockshin et al. (1985), who explained that the level of ACA antibodies has a predictive value about the risk of fetal loss or death in patients with SLE (Harris et al., 1983).
Recent studies indicate the role of APA antibodies against phosphotidyl serine (PS) and most of the IgM class as inhibitors of placental formation and frequent spontaneous abortion (Lyden et al., 1992). Hence the importance of ACA, LA and APA antibodies and associated coagulation And recurrent pregnancy loss (Blumenfeld et al., 1991; Zarrabi et al., 1979). The presence of such antibodies was first identified indirectly decades ago when it was found that about 15% of active SLE patients showed a false positive interaction of venereal diseases research laboratories (VDRL) (Colaco & Male, 1985) . The VDRL test determines the effectiveness of antibodies to the antigen (the antigen, the reagent antigen), a mixture of phosphorous compounds containing phosphotidyl choline (PC), cholesterol, and cardiolipin (CL). The non-specific antibodies The interaction with this antigen has been observed in other non-Treponemal infections such as autoimmune disorders and disorders caused by the use of certain drugs and even by some healthy individuals (Zarrabi et al., 1979).
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