Clinical association of APA antibodies with other antibodies Clinical association of APA with other autoantibodies
APA antibodies are associated with many pathological conditions, including frequent spontaneous abortion, fetal death, and arterial and venous thrombosis. Patients with levels of these antibodies are described as having APA syndrome (Lee et al., 2001; Lee et al., 1999; ; Harris, 1987).
Although many APA antibodies are described, two of them are most relevant to well-described spontaneous abortion, and are of the IgG type and have a high intermediate standard for both ACA and LA (Silver et al., 1996; Harris, 1987).
Studies on protein-1 beta-2B2 glycoprotein (B2GP1) suggest that they are also markers of this syndrome (Lee et al., 2001)
IgG and IgM antibodies are closely related to APA, whereas IgA antibodies have not received the same amount of attention. Recent studies suggest that IgA is associated with thrombotic events in rheumatic diseases (Lee et al., 2001). Rheumatic diseases unrelated to spontaneous abortion have not been confirmed definitively, but researchers Lee et al. (2001) APA class IgA and in particular ACA and B2GP1 antibodies including frequent spontaneous miscarriages and unexplained fetal death cases in which the IgG and LA test results are negative, suggesting that IgA antibodies in the diagnosis of APA The usual.
The clinical significance of LA antagonists or high levels of ACA antibodies has been increasingly recognized in a number of clinical disorders including SLE, other immunomodulatory disorders, connective tissue disorders caused by certain treatments, and some disorders unrelated to SLE, such as neurological, eye, Some drugs (Greaves, 1999).
The presence of APA antibodies in some cases is an additional phenomenon Epiphenomenon while being directly related and essential in other cases. Clinical signs of thrombophlebitis include a variety of antibodies to LA, FPA and APA.
The majority of women with APA antibodies have no apparent symptoms, but some have self-immunizing diseases, which should be appropriately assessed. Although there are high APA antibodies in SLE patients, there are other pathological events that make the diagnosis of patients with APA anticoagulant events alert to the presence of APA primary APA syndrome.
Women with SLE frequently have spontaneous abortion, but women who abort spontaneously do not meet laboratory indicators for SLE diagnosis (Petri et al., 1987; Gradlund, 1984; Firkin et al., 1980).
Antibodies ANA, LA, and ACA play a role in the occurrence of recurrent spontaneous idiopathic miscarriages and are necessary to address and treat these problems based on these laboratory indicators (Petri et al., 1987).
Studies have indicated a recurrence of spontaneous abortion in women who show an increase in ANA antibodies compared with non-abortive women. The causes of such antibodies have not been definitively determined, but there appears to be a genetic predisposition, as may be determined in light of the HLA pattern (Chong et al., 1995).
SLE is the typical disease associated with the presence of APA antibodies, which significantly increases spontaneous abortion rates by nearly 50% of women with the disease in its active form (Ramsey-Goldman et al., 1992). Women who have frequent spontaneous abortions do not meet the criteria for SLE Gueran, many of whom have lupus-like features and the multivariate activation of B lymphocytes
B-lymphcytes are more common (Gleicher et al., 1982). The precise mechanism by which ANA antibodies contribute to spontaneous abortion is not sufficiently clear. However, pathological studies have shown inflammatory changes in the uterus and in the womb with vascular infections. The ANA antibody test is used to detect SLE and other diseases such as Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatoid Arthritis, all of which combine common clinical features. Arthritis is the common denominator of all the antibodies produced by Fischbach, 2000 ).
ANA antibodies were found to be gamma globulin that interacted with cell nuclei of various organs and belonged to more than one type of immunoglobulin and could be detected by ELISA and the non-direct immunofluorescence assay (IFA) test. The nucleic acid antibodies and the associated forms Immunosuppressive diseases (Fischbach, 2000).
Not all ANA antibodies are satisfactory for the dependence of the disease on the specific immunoglobulin class, on the size of the complex immune complex, its deposition location, and its ability to install the complement system.
Other autoantibodies such as AMA antibodies are used to detect lipoprotein proteins found inside the mitochondria, especially the CL. The level of AMA antibodies increases in the case of SLE, thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis and malignant neoplasia (Fischbach, 2000).
As for antibodies to anti-dsDNA, a person has three types of antibodies directed against DNA:
1. Anti-ssDNA antibodies
2. Anti-dsDNA antibodies
3. Hybrid antibodies for both monoclonal and bilaterally. At the time you indicate.
APA antibodies are associated with many pathological conditions, including frequent spontaneous abortion, fetal death, and arterial and venous thrombosis. Patients with levels of these antibodies are described as having APA syndrome (Lee et al., 2001; Lee et al., 1999; ; Harris, 1987).
Although many APA antibodies are described, two of them are most relevant to well-described spontaneous abortion, and are of the IgG type and have a high intermediate standard for both ACA and LA (Silver et al., 1996; Harris, 1987).
Studies on protein-1 beta-2B2 glycoprotein (B2GP1) suggest that they are also markers of this syndrome (Lee et al., 2001)
IgG and IgM antibodies are closely related to APA, whereas IgA antibodies have not received the same amount of attention. Recent studies suggest that IgA is associated with thrombotic events in rheumatic diseases (Lee et al., 2001). Rheumatic diseases unrelated to spontaneous abortion have not been confirmed definitively, but researchers Lee et al. (2001) APA class IgA and in particular ACA and B2GP1 antibodies including frequent spontaneous miscarriages and unexplained fetal death cases in which the IgG and LA test results are negative, suggesting that IgA antibodies in the diagnosis of APA The usual.
The clinical significance of LA antagonists or high levels of ACA antibodies has been increasingly recognized in a number of clinical disorders including SLE, other immunomodulatory disorders, connective tissue disorders caused by certain treatments, and some disorders unrelated to SLE, such as neurological, eye, Some drugs (Greaves, 1999).
The presence of APA antibodies in some cases is an additional phenomenon Epiphenomenon while being directly related and essential in other cases. Clinical signs of thrombophlebitis include a variety of antibodies to LA, FPA and APA.
The majority of women with APA antibodies have no apparent symptoms, but some have self-immunizing diseases, which should be appropriately assessed. Although there are high APA antibodies in SLE patients, there are other pathological events that make the diagnosis of patients with APA anticoagulant events alert to the presence of APA primary APA syndrome.
Women with SLE frequently have spontaneous abortion, but women who abort spontaneously do not meet laboratory indicators for SLE diagnosis (Petri et al., 1987; Gradlund, 1984; Firkin et al., 1980).
Antibodies ANA, LA, and ACA play a role in the occurrence of recurrent spontaneous idiopathic miscarriages and are necessary to address and treat these problems based on these laboratory indicators (Petri et al., 1987).
Studies have indicated a recurrence of spontaneous abortion in women who show an increase in ANA antibodies compared with non-abortive women. The causes of such antibodies have not been definitively determined, but there appears to be a genetic predisposition, as may be determined in light of the HLA pattern (Chong et al., 1995).
SLE is the typical disease associated with the presence of APA antibodies, which significantly increases spontaneous abortion rates by nearly 50% of women with the disease in its active form (Ramsey-Goldman et al., 1992). Women who have frequent spontaneous abortions do not meet the criteria for SLE Gueran, many of whom have lupus-like features and the multivariate activation of B lymphocytes
B-lymphcytes are more common (Gleicher et al., 1982). The precise mechanism by which ANA antibodies contribute to spontaneous abortion is not sufficiently clear. However, pathological studies have shown inflammatory changes in the uterus and in the womb with vascular infections. The ANA antibody test is used to detect SLE and other diseases such as Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatoid Arthritis, all of which combine common clinical features. Arthritis is the common denominator of all the antibodies produced by Fischbach, 2000 ).
ANA antibodies were found to be gamma globulin that interacted with cell nuclei of various organs and belonged to more than one type of immunoglobulin and could be detected by ELISA and the non-direct immunofluorescence assay (IFA) test. The nucleic acid antibodies and the associated forms Immunosuppressive diseases (Fischbach, 2000).
Not all ANA antibodies are satisfactory for the dependence of the disease on the specific immunoglobulin class, on the size of the complex immune complex, its deposition location, and its ability to install the complement system.
Other autoantibodies such as AMA antibodies are used to detect lipoprotein proteins found inside the mitochondria, especially the CL. The level of AMA antibodies increases in the case of SLE, thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis and malignant neoplasia (Fischbach, 2000).
As for antibodies to anti-dsDNA, a person has three types of antibodies directed against DNA:
1. Anti-ssDNA antibodies
2. Anti-dsDNA antibodies
3. Hybrid antibodies for both monoclonal and bilaterally. At the time you indicate.
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