Local anesthesia:
1 "EMLA" cream consisting of lidocaine and brailocaine (produced by Astra Pharmaceutical) and is widely used as a local anesthetic in "Resurfacing" skin scarring and curvature, intravenous inflammation of the mouth and most other skin lesions.
Its ideal effect is more when applied as follows:
- Wash the area thoroughly with gauze moistened with water and saline.
- Strongly rub the cream.
Apply a thick layer of cream and leave it for one hour.
- Use a plastic cover with cream to cover the area cream to get a covered area.
- Emla cream can be applied again 15 minutes before surgery and cleaned immediately before surgery.
- This may be applied in cases of severely sensitive patients such as children.
- The ideal "Emla" effect shows skin covered with cream in a pale color.
2 - The regional inventory: Used for deep peeling or sensitive patients who can not handle a large area.
3 topical filtration of the lesion with zilocaine.
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Local anesthesia: Temporary loss of sensation in a small area of the body because of special medications called anesthetics.
The patient remains awake, but has no sensitivity in the area of the body treated with the anesthetic.
Local anesthetics can be injected or put on the skin to decrease pain during medical, surgical and dental procedures.
Some are over-the-counter (sold without a prescription) and can help relieve local pain, irritation and itching due to conditions such as cold sores, sunburn, poison ivy or small cuts.
Features:
Local anesthesia is a way to numb a specific area of the body so that a medical procedure can be done without causing pain.
Some operations, many dental procedures and different types of diagnostic tests can be done using local anesthesia alone.
Local anesthesia medications do not cause a person to be sedated or produce unconsciousness.
However, sedation, in which patients are given medications to make them feel comfortable and to block memory, is often given along with local anesthesia for many types of procedures.
The use of local anesthesia alone avoids the side effects of sedation medications and medications used to produce general anesthesia (making an individual unaware of a procedure).
Local anesthetic solutions often provide lasting pain relief in the area where they have been applied.
Many operations, such as appendectomy (removal of the appendix), cholecystectomy (removal of the gallbladder) and open heart surgery]], require general anesthesia.
Other procedures, including orthopedic surgery, urological surgery and female reproductive surgery (including most cesarean deliveries), can be performed after regional anesthesia (spinal anesthesia or epidural anesthesia, for example).
1 "EMLA" cream consisting of lidocaine and brailocaine (produced by Astra Pharmaceutical) and is widely used as a local anesthetic in "Resurfacing" skin scarring and curvature, intravenous inflammation of the mouth and most other skin lesions.
Its ideal effect is more when applied as follows:
- Wash the area thoroughly with gauze moistened with water and saline.
- Strongly rub the cream.
Apply a thick layer of cream and leave it for one hour.
- Use a plastic cover with cream to cover the area cream to get a covered area.
- Emla cream can be applied again 15 minutes before surgery and cleaned immediately before surgery.
- This may be applied in cases of severely sensitive patients such as children.
- The ideal "Emla" effect shows skin covered with cream in a pale color.
2 - The regional inventory: Used for deep peeling or sensitive patients who can not handle a large area.
3 topical filtration of the lesion with zilocaine.
------------------
Local anesthesia: Temporary loss of sensation in a small area of the body because of special medications called anesthetics.
The patient remains awake, but has no sensitivity in the area of the body treated with the anesthetic.
Local anesthetics can be injected or put on the skin to decrease pain during medical, surgical and dental procedures.
Some are over-the-counter (sold without a prescription) and can help relieve local pain, irritation and itching due to conditions such as cold sores, sunburn, poison ivy or small cuts.
Features:
Local anesthesia is a way to numb a specific area of the body so that a medical procedure can be done without causing pain.
Some operations, many dental procedures and different types of diagnostic tests can be done using local anesthesia alone.
Local anesthesia medications do not cause a person to be sedated or produce unconsciousness.
However, sedation, in which patients are given medications to make them feel comfortable and to block memory, is often given along with local anesthesia for many types of procedures.
The use of local anesthesia alone avoids the side effects of sedation medications and medications used to produce general anesthesia (making an individual unaware of a procedure).
Local anesthetic solutions often provide lasting pain relief in the area where they have been applied.
Many operations, such as appendectomy (removal of the appendix), cholecystectomy (removal of the gallbladder) and open heart surgery]], require general anesthesia.
Other procedures, including orthopedic surgery, urological surgery and female reproductive surgery (including most cesarean deliveries), can be performed after regional anesthesia (spinal anesthesia or epidural anesthesia, for example).
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The localized loss of sensation with the resulting reduction in pain stimuli is the end result of local anesthesia. This way of anesthesia is considered to be safer than general anesthesia, because it exceeds (that is) the systemic body-wide effects considered with general anesthesia, such as a decrease in consciousness and hemodynamic changes.
Local anesthesia, as a mechanism of action, inhibits the nerves in the question of passing their signals to the central nervous system. While patients do not feel pain in the area during a surgical procedure, they may still have the sensation of movement or some pressure.
Classification:
Local anesthetics are classified into two main groups based on the chemical structure of the intermediate chain: one that is the amide group and the other being an ester group. This type of classification based on a difference in structure is clinically useful, because it helps predict the potential allergic reaction, as well as the path by which the anesthetic is expected to be metabolized.
Local amide anesthetics are generally metabolized by microsomal enzymes found within the liver, especially the microsomal enzymes of cytochrome P-450. Instead, local ester anesthetics are metabolized by plasma enzymes known as pseudocholinesterases, in a process called hydrolysis. Defects in the pseudocholinesterase hydrolysis system result in an inability to authorize local body ester anesthetics. Likewise, liver pathology decreases the tolerance of anesthetics at the amide site. Therefore, any category of local anesthetics should be avoided in situations where they are likely to accumulate in the body and produce toxic effects.
Properties:
A local anesthetic usually takes just a few minutes to produce the onset of numbness or loss of sensation. The full sensation returns a few hours later, after the anesthetic disappears. The potency of a local anesthetic is largely related in its lipid solubility, which is determined by its aromatic ring as well as the substitutions of the groups attached to its tertiary amine. This tertiary amine and the aromatic ring, as well as the intermediate chain of the amide or ester, constitute the three main molecular components in the structure of a local anesthetic.
Lipid solubility not only determines the potency of the local anesthetic, but also establishes the rate of onset. While the greater lipid solubility should theoretically mean a faster onset of anesthesia due to faster diffusion, it appears that several other factors play a role. This is because in vitro studies can have different results from those obtained by clinical research, largely due to the interference of many biological factors that are at work in a living environment. Thus, in real clinical settings, the greater lipid solubility retards the onset of local anesthesia. Despite this observation, the total number of lipid-soluble molecules in the local anesthetic is a crucial determinant of the anesthetic onset, and should be greater than the number of its water-soluble counterparts.
Side effects:
It is important to note that some pain is usually sawn when the local anesthetic is being injected. Patients may experience this pain as a result of the technique used while injecting the agent. Sensitive patients may also develop an allergic reaction to the local anesthetic. In addition, a bruise may form in some cases. There is also the risk for infection and nerve laceration at the site, but fortunately these are rare events.
If local anesthetics are inadvertently injected into a blood vessel or given in excessive doses, systemic toxicity may occur. These effects manifest as central nervous system and cardiovascular disorders, such as parts of the oscillation in the ears, nausea, vomiting, metallic taste in the mouth, respiratory depression, hallucinations and catches.
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skin diseases