Amino acid derivatives:
1 - levothyroxen (DCI) or (INN) and thyroxine DL (3-D4) 4- hyroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy (3,5-diiodophenyl) alanine or 3,5,3,5-tetraiodothyrinin).
Thyroxine is extracted from the thyroid or obtained synthetically. It is an amino-aromatic acid; it is white or yellowish-branched, with no solubility in water or any normal solvent, which increases the basic metabolic rate and oxygen consumption. It affects the thymbocyte, controls the action of proteins and fats and affects any deficiency of iodine in organisms and is used to treat thyroid gland disease as well as loss of thyroid secretion or disorder. It is effectively in the isomer's habitat. Sodium salt is white powder, low in water with similar activity.
2-lyseronin (DCI) or (INN) and rasironin (DCI) or (INN) (DL-3,5,3-triiodothyronine) (3) 4- (4- hydroxyl-3-iodophenoxy) 3,5-diiodophenyl ] alanine). Tri-dutheronine is also extracted from the thyroid gland; it has more physiological activity than zeroxin.
Amino acids are the basic units of proteins. It is recalled that the proteins are formed of numerous amino acids linked together by a peptide bond.
An amino acid contains an acid function and has an amine function. There are also w-amino acids where the acid and amine functions are 1,2- or 1,3-.
Hydrophobic amino acids:
Aliphatic - Glycine (gly, G), Alanine (Ala, A), Valine (val, V), Leucine (leu, L), Isoleucine (Ile, I).
Aromatic - Phenylalanine (phe, E), Tryptophan (trp, W).
Thioether - Methionine (met, M).
Secondary amines - Proline (pro, P), Hydroxyproline (Hyp).
Hydrophilic amino acids:
Polar - Alcohols - Serine (ser, S), Threonine (thr, T) - Thiols - Cysteine (cys, C) - Phenol - Tyrosine (tyr, Y) - Amides - Asparagine (asn, N), Glutamine (gln, Q) ).
Cationic - Lysine (lily, K), Arginine (arg, R), Histidine (his, H).
Anionics - Aspartate (asp, D) Glutamate (glue, E).
W-amino acids:
b -alanine G -aminobutyric acid, b -aminoisobutyric acid.
General properties:
General physicochemical properties:
Solubility:
Amino acids are very soluble in water due to their amphionic character.
R-CH (NH2) -COOH = R-CH (NH3 +) - COO-
Their solubility varies all the same according to the radical R and the pH.
Optical properties:
Absorption spectra:
In aqueous solution, only amino acids having an aromatic radical absorb.
Phenylalanine l max = 254 nm
Tyrosine and tryptophan l max = 280 nm
Rotating power:
If R ¹ H, the carbon a is asymmetric.
Amino acids therefore exist in the form of two enantiomers: L-amino acid D-amino acid.
All natural amino acids are of the L series, just as all sugars are of the D series.
Some amino acids have two asymmetric carbons (threonine, isoleucine). The presence of two asymmetric carbons implies the existence of four diastereoisomers.
Rotatory power: Amino acids are optically active.
Acid-base properties:
In amino acids, the amine group is known to be basic and the carboxylic group to be acidic.
There are therefore two successive acid-base equilibria:
KA1 KA2
R-CH (NH3 +) - COOH = R-CH (NH3 +) - COO- = R-CH (NH2) -COO-
Generally pKA1 »2 and pKA2» 9
1 - levothyroxen (DCI) or (INN) and thyroxine DL (3-D4) 4- hyroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy (3,5-diiodophenyl) alanine or 3,5,3,5-tetraiodothyrinin).
2-lyseronin (DCI) or (INN) and rasironin (DCI) or (INN) (DL-3,5,3-triiodothyronine) (3) 4- (4- hydroxyl-3-iodophenoxy) 3,5-diiodophenyl ] alanine). Tri-dutheronine is also extracted from the thyroid gland; it has more physiological activity than zeroxin.
Amino acids are the basic units of proteins. It is recalled that the proteins are formed of numerous amino acids linked together by a peptide bond.
An amino acid contains an acid function and has an amine function. There are also w-amino acids where the acid and amine functions are 1,2- or 1,3-.
Hydrophobic amino acids:
Aliphatic - Glycine (gly, G), Alanine (Ala, A), Valine (val, V), Leucine (leu, L), Isoleucine (Ile, I).
Aromatic - Phenylalanine (phe, E), Tryptophan (trp, W).
Thioether - Methionine (met, M).
Secondary amines - Proline (pro, P), Hydroxyproline (Hyp).
Hydrophilic amino acids:
Polar - Alcohols - Serine (ser, S), Threonine (thr, T) - Thiols - Cysteine (cys, C) - Phenol - Tyrosine (tyr, Y) - Amides - Asparagine (asn, N), Glutamine (gln, Q) ).
Cationic - Lysine (lily, K), Arginine (arg, R), Histidine (his, H).
Anionics - Aspartate (asp, D) Glutamate (glue, E).
W-amino acids:
b -alanine G -aminobutyric acid, b -aminoisobutyric acid.
General properties:
General physicochemical properties:
Solubility:
Amino acids are very soluble in water due to their amphionic character.
R-CH (NH2) -COOH = R-CH (NH3 +) - COO-
Their solubility varies all the same according to the radical R and the pH.
Optical properties:
Absorption spectra:
In aqueous solution, only amino acids having an aromatic radical absorb.
Phenylalanine l max = 254 nm
Tyrosine and tryptophan l max = 280 nm
Rotating power:
If R ¹ H, the carbon a is asymmetric.
Amino acids therefore exist in the form of two enantiomers: L-amino acid D-amino acid.
All natural amino acids are of the L series, just as all sugars are of the D series.
Some amino acids have two asymmetric carbons (threonine, isoleucine). The presence of two asymmetric carbons implies the existence of four diastereoisomers.
Rotatory power: Amino acids are optically active.
Acid-base properties:
In amino acids, the amine group is known to be basic and the carboxylic group to be acidic.
There are therefore two successive acid-base equilibria:
KA1 KA2
R-CH (NH3 +) - COOH = R-CH (NH3 +) - COO- = R-CH (NH2) -COO-
Generally pKA1 »2 and pKA2» 9
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Steroids