The application of the drug to the nasal route may be used for systemic or situational effects. Topical effects include nasal allergies, rhinitis and nasal congestion. Methods of nasal application of systemic effects have proven effective for a small number of drugs and are being tested for the use of many other drugs.
The sophisticated structure and specialized function of ventilation and membranes in the nasal cavity as well as the small surface area of this area may limit the ability to deliver the drug.
The effect of chronic drug exposure on the safety of nasal membranes should be taken into account. This problem may increase the need for surface agents to achieve a good penetration of this pathway.
In spite of these factors, the physical properties of these compounds for optimal nasal absorption are the same as for other absorption methods. The drug must dissolve in the nasal mucosa and must be sufficiently soluble in fat to cross the nasal nasal membrane. Nasal absorption is facilitated by the high permeability of the vein and venous-related veins. Various delivery devices were adopted by way of nasal drugs to apply droplets, capsules, nebulizers and matrices.
The small peptide particles are suitable for nasal delivery and vasopressin and oxytocin are commercially available for nasal doses. Antibodies and antagonists of the thyroid-stimulating hormone and other vasopressin antagonists and peptides are tested. The nasal route has produced remarkable results in animals for sex hormones. Insulin delivery was tested on this route but was moderately successful.
The sophisticated structure and specialized function of ventilation and membranes in the nasal cavity as well as the small surface area of this area may limit the ability to deliver the drug.
The effect of chronic drug exposure on the safety of nasal membranes should be taken into account. This problem may increase the need for surface agents to achieve a good penetration of this pathway.
In spite of these factors, the physical properties of these compounds for optimal nasal absorption are the same as for other absorption methods. The drug must dissolve in the nasal mucosa and must be sufficiently soluble in fat to cross the nasal nasal membrane. Nasal absorption is facilitated by the high permeability of the vein and venous-related veins. Various delivery devices were adopted by way of nasal drugs to apply droplets, capsules, nebulizers and matrices.
The small peptide particles are suitable for nasal delivery and vasopressin and oxytocin are commercially available for nasal doses. Antibodies and antagonists of the thyroid-stimulating hormone and other vasopressin antagonists and peptides are tested. The nasal route has produced remarkable results in animals for sex hormones. Insulin delivery was tested on this route but was moderately successful.
