for surgery to treat appendicitis, the nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of Risk for infection related to inflammation, perforation, and surgery

When preparing a client, age 50, for surgery to treat appendicitis, the nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of Risk for infection related to inflammation, perforation, and surgery.
What is the rationale for choosing this nursing diagnosis?

a- Obstruction of the appendix may increase venous drainage and cause the appendix to rupture

b- Obstruction of the appendix reduces arterial flow, leading to ischemia, inflammation, and rupture of the appendix

c- The appendix may develop gangrene and rupture, especially in a middle-aged client

d- Infection of the appendix diminishes necrotic arterial blood flow and increases venous drainage

Answer B.
A client with appendicitis is at risk for infection related to inflammation, perforation, and surgery because obstruction of the appendix causes mucus fluid to build up, increasing pressure in the appendix and compressing venous outflow drainage.
The pressure continues to rise with venous obstruction; arterial blood flow then decreases, leading to ischemia from lack of perfusion.
Inflammation and bacterial growth follow, and swelling continues to raise pressure within the appendix, resulting in gangrene and rupture.
Geriatric, not middle-aged, clients are especially susceptible to appendix rupture.