ST.coccus mutans cause caries & this disease is?
1- epidemic
2- endemic. ***
3- isolated
endemic disease: An infectious disease that is present in the community at all times but normally at low frequency
Endemic: a disease that exists permanently in a particular region or population. Malariais a constant worry in parts of Africa.
Epidemic: An outbreak of disease that attacks many peoples at about the same time and may spread through one or several communities.
Pandemic: When an epidemic spreads throughout the world.
DEFINITION ENDEMIC DISEASE:
Endemic disease, or endemic disease, refers to a disease that is constantly present in a given population, often tied to a specific, endemic geographic origin, as opposed to a pandemic that is not a sporadic disease. The corresponding term in animals is enzootic and epizootic for plants.
In epidemiology, an infection is said to be endemic in a population when this infection is maintained in the population without the need for external inputs.
Meningococcal meningitis is an endemic disease:
Meningococcal meningitis is an endemic disease still found in Africa (map of countries and region at risk of 2014). It is a form of meningitis caused by a specific bacterium called Neisseria meningitidis. Meningitis is characterized by inflammation of the membranes (meninges) around the brain or spinal cord.
In infectious diseases, a disease is called endemic when a disease continues to occur in a certain area without the patients having contracted the disease elsewhere. In the case of endemic diseases, the number of infections is relatively constant: the number of new infections is offset by the number of people in whom the disease disappears (either by the death of the person or by healing).
When the number of contaminants increases exponentially (then decreases very rapidly due to a lack of potentially infected individuals), the disease does not mention endemic but epidemic. An epidemic disease dies in a certain area or becomes endemic over time.
For example, cholera prevails in some parts of India and this disease is endemic. Another example is childhood diseases such as chicken pox, which are endemic in Europe, but not malaria. Although frequent malaria patients come to Europe, the disease can not spread due to the absence of the disease vector: the Anopheles mosquito. Europe also experienced plague from the 14th to the 17th century as an endemic disease. Leprosy was endemic from Western Europe to the Middle Ages, but it still occurs sporadically today, but only as an import disease.
Another example: An endemic disease is a disease that is always present in a given population or region. Malaria is one of the most widespread widespread endemic diseases. The CDC estimates that about half of the world's population lives in areas where it is likely to become infected with malaria. It is endemic in large parts of Africa and parts of South America. Malaria is so prevalent in parts of Africa that a protective mutation - the sickle cell trait - has become common in local populations. The gene for sickle cell disease makes people less susceptible to malaria. However, it works best when people have a copy of the gene. When they have two, it can cause serious health problems.
For an infection to become endemic, each infected person must, on average, transmit to another person. In a fully susceptible population, this corresponds to a basic breeding number (R0) of 1. In a population with immunity, R0 multiplied by the number of susceptible persons is 1. S is the proportion of susceptible individuals in a population. The mathematical equation for an endemic stable state is: R0 x S = 1.
- Medical endemism (diseases) should not be confused with biological endemism (species), although both refer to endemic types (a word common to both).
- How does the endemic differs from the epidemic? Endemic diseases are often confused with epidemics. However, an epidemic refers to an epidemic according to its endemicity. An epidemic occurs when a disease spreads in one or more populations. On the other hand, an endemic disease is a disease that is constantly present in a group or geographical area and whose endemism can be determined. Pandemics are global epidemics. In certain circumstances, an epidemic can lead to endemic disease.
DEFINITION ENDEMIC DISEASE:
Endemic disease, or endemic disease, refers to a disease that is constantly present in a given population, often tied to a specific, endemic geographic origin, as opposed to a pandemic that is not a sporadic disease. The corresponding term in animals is enzootic and epizootic for plants.
In epidemiology, an infection is said to be endemic in a population when this infection is maintained in the population without the need for external inputs.
Meningococcal meningitis is an endemic disease:
Meningococcal meningitis is an endemic disease still found in Africa (map of countries and region at risk of 2014). It is a form of meningitis caused by a specific bacterium called Neisseria meningitidis. Meningitis is characterized by inflammation of the membranes (meninges) around the brain or spinal cord.
In infectious diseases, a disease is called endemic when a disease continues to occur in a certain area without the patients having contracted the disease elsewhere. In the case of endemic diseases, the number of infections is relatively constant: the number of new infections is offset by the number of people in whom the disease disappears (either by the death of the person or by healing).
When the number of contaminants increases exponentially (then decreases very rapidly due to a lack of potentially infected individuals), the disease does not mention endemic but epidemic. An epidemic disease dies in a certain area or becomes endemic over time.
For example, cholera prevails in some parts of India and this disease is endemic. Another example is childhood diseases such as chicken pox, which are endemic in Europe, but not malaria. Although frequent malaria patients come to Europe, the disease can not spread due to the absence of the disease vector: the Anopheles mosquito. Europe also experienced plague from the 14th to the 17th century as an endemic disease. Leprosy was endemic from Western Europe to the Middle Ages, but it still occurs sporadically today, but only as an import disease.
Another example: An endemic disease is a disease that is always present in a given population or region. Malaria is one of the most widespread widespread endemic diseases. The CDC estimates that about half of the world's population lives in areas where it is likely to become infected with malaria. It is endemic in large parts of Africa and parts of South America. Malaria is so prevalent in parts of Africa that a protective mutation - the sickle cell trait - has become common in local populations. The gene for sickle cell disease makes people less susceptible to malaria. However, it works best when people have a copy of the gene. When they have two, it can cause serious health problems.
For an infection to become endemic, each infected person must, on average, transmit to another person. In a fully susceptible population, this corresponds to a basic breeding number (R0) of 1. In a population with immunity, R0 multiplied by the number of susceptible persons is 1. S is the proportion of susceptible individuals in a population. The mathematical equation for an endemic stable state is: R0 x S = 1.
- Medical endemism (diseases) should not be confused with biological endemism (species), although both refer to endemic types (a word common to both).
- How does the endemic differs from the epidemic? Endemic diseases are often confused with epidemics. However, an epidemic refers to an epidemic according to its endemicity. An epidemic occurs when a disease spreads in one or more populations. On the other hand, an endemic disease is a disease that is constantly present in a group or geographical area and whose endemism can be determined. Pandemics are global epidemics. In certain circumstances, an epidemic can lead to endemic disease.
Endemic STDs:
In some parts of the world, many STDs (sexually transmitted diseases) can be considered endemic. For example, HIV is considered endemic in many parts of Africa. At this point, and in a conceivable future, eradication is unlikely. This is true even as improved treatment begins to control the HIV epidemic.
Hepatitis B (HBV) is also endemic worldwide. Although HBV is not always a sexually transmitted disease, it can be sexually transmitted. Fortunately, there is a vaccine to prevent hepatitis B transmission. If a person plans to travel to a region where hepatitis is endemic, vaccination is generally recommended. Vaccination against hepatitis is also part of the standard program for immunizing children in the United States.
Syphilis was endemic worldwide. Fortunately, effective treatments have largely contributed to reducing the number of people infected with this disease. Unfortunately, partly because of the oral spread, syphilis has recently increased. It is unlikely to become endemic again. at least in the United States. However, this can still cause significant problems - especially for newborns. Syphilis is also still considered endemic in parts of Africa. A related disease, called yaws, is also endemic in some areas of the tropics. Yaws is mainly found in children and is not sexually transmitted. However, this is due to a close relative of the bacteria responsible for the syphilis species. The bacteria responsible for and causes of syphilis are Treponema pallidum sp .. This bacterium is an endemic species.
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