What is the main reason why it is difficult to develop a vaccine against HIV?
a. HIV is still unknown to human
b. HIV mutates easily
c. HIV spreads rapidly throughout the body
d. HIV matures easily
Answer B.
Keyword: MAIN REASON. Rationale: HIV was identified in 1983, thus, A is incorrect. By 1988 two strains of HIV existed, HIV-1 and HIV-2. Viruses spread rapidly and mature easily but these factors don’t affect the potential for development against HIV. Mutating too easily makes it hard to create a vaccine against it.
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- A preventive HIV vaccine is given to people who do not have HIV infection, in order to prevent such infection in the future.
- So far, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved any preventive HIV vaccine, but research is ongoing. You must be enrolled in a clinical trial to receive a preventive HIV vaccine.
What is a preventive HIV vaccine?
A preventive HIV vaccine is given to seronegative people, in order to prevent such infection in the future. The vaccine teaches the person's immune system to recognize and fight HIV effectively in case that person is exposed to HIV.
Are there FDA-approved preventive HIV vaccines?
So far, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved any preventive HIV vaccine, but research is ongoing. You must be enrolled in a clinical trial to receive a preventive HIV vaccine.
How is the preventive HIV vaccine different from the therapeutic HIV vaccine?
The preventive HIV vaccine is given to people who do not have HIV infection, while the therapeutic HIV vaccine is given to people who already have HIV infection. The goal of a therapeutic vaccine against HIV is to strengthen a person's immune response to HIV that is already in their body. Researchers are studying the use of therapeutic vaccines against HIV:
- To slow the progression of HIV infection
- To eliminate the need for antiretroviral therapy (ART) while maintaining undetectable concentrations of HIV
Can I get HIV from a preventive HIV vaccine?
No, you cannot get HIV from a preventive HIV vaccine. The preventive HIV vaccines being studied in clinical trials do not contain HIV. Of the approximately 30,000 people who have participated in HIV vaccine trials worldwide in the last 25 years, none have contracted the virus through the vaccines tested.
Why is a preventive HIV vaccine important?
HIV treatment options have greatly improved in the past 30 years. However, HIV medications can have side effects, they can be expensive and difficult to find in some countries. In addition, some people may develop resistance to certain HIV medications and must change them.
Proper use of condoms and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can help prevent HIV transmission. However, researchers believe that a preventive HIV vaccine would be the most effective way to completely end new HIV infections.
What research is being done on HIV preventive vaccines?
Some of the areas of interest that are being studied in clinical trials include:
- The safety of preventive vaccines.
- If a preventive vaccine protects against HIV infection.
- If a preventive vaccine controls HIV when the person contracts it while enrolled in a study. (It is possible for a person to contract HIV through sexual contact or by sharing the drug injection team while participating in a clinical trial. However, a person cannot get HIV from the HIV vaccine being tested).
- Immune responses that occur in people who receive a preventive vaccine.
- Different ways of administering preventive vaccines, such as the use of a needle and syringe compared to a needleless device.
a. HIV is still unknown to human
b. HIV mutates easily
c. HIV spreads rapidly throughout the body
d. HIV matures easily
Answer B.
Keyword: MAIN REASON. Rationale: HIV was identified in 1983, thus, A is incorrect. By 1988 two strains of HIV existed, HIV-1 and HIV-2. Viruses spread rapidly and mature easily but these factors don’t affect the potential for development against HIV. Mutating too easily makes it hard to create a vaccine against it.
---------------------------
- A preventive HIV vaccine is given to people who do not have HIV infection, in order to prevent such infection in the future.
- So far, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved any preventive HIV vaccine, but research is ongoing. You must be enrolled in a clinical trial to receive a preventive HIV vaccine.
What is a preventive HIV vaccine?
A preventive HIV vaccine is given to seronegative people, in order to prevent such infection in the future. The vaccine teaches the person's immune system to recognize and fight HIV effectively in case that person is exposed to HIV.
Are there FDA-approved preventive HIV vaccines?
So far, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved any preventive HIV vaccine, but research is ongoing. You must be enrolled in a clinical trial to receive a preventive HIV vaccine.
How is the preventive HIV vaccine different from the therapeutic HIV vaccine?
The preventive HIV vaccine is given to people who do not have HIV infection, while the therapeutic HIV vaccine is given to people who already have HIV infection. The goal of a therapeutic vaccine against HIV is to strengthen a person's immune response to HIV that is already in their body. Researchers are studying the use of therapeutic vaccines against HIV:
- To slow the progression of HIV infection
- To eliminate the need for antiretroviral therapy (ART) while maintaining undetectable concentrations of HIV
Can I get HIV from a preventive HIV vaccine?
No, you cannot get HIV from a preventive HIV vaccine. The preventive HIV vaccines being studied in clinical trials do not contain HIV. Of the approximately 30,000 people who have participated in HIV vaccine trials worldwide in the last 25 years, none have contracted the virus through the vaccines tested.
Why is a preventive HIV vaccine important?
HIV treatment options have greatly improved in the past 30 years. However, HIV medications can have side effects, they can be expensive and difficult to find in some countries. In addition, some people may develop resistance to certain HIV medications and must change them.
Proper use of condoms and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can help prevent HIV transmission. However, researchers believe that a preventive HIV vaccine would be the most effective way to completely end new HIV infections.
What research is being done on HIV preventive vaccines?
Some of the areas of interest that are being studied in clinical trials include:
- The safety of preventive vaccines.
- If a preventive vaccine protects against HIV infection.
- If a preventive vaccine controls HIV when the person contracts it while enrolled in a study. (It is possible for a person to contract HIV through sexual contact or by sharing the drug injection team while participating in a clinical trial. However, a person cannot get HIV from the HIV vaccine being tested).
- Immune responses that occur in people who receive a preventive vaccine.
- Different ways of administering preventive vaccines, such as the use of a needle and syringe compared to a needleless device.
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