Dental carries is an endemic disease "means that the disease is.. Is habitually present in human population

Dental carries is an endemic disease "means that the disease is:

• a. Occurs clearly in excess of normal expectancy.
• b. Is habitually present in human population.***
• c. Affect large number of countries simultaneously.
• d. Exhibit a seasonal pattern.

treatment

Regular checkups can help identify cavities and other dental diseases before they lead to worrisome symptoms and lead to more serious problems. The sooner you seek care, the better your chances of reversing the early stages of tooth decay and preventing its progression. If a cavity is treated before it starts to hurt, you probably won't need extensive treatment.

Treatment for cavities depends on how severe it is and your particular situation. 

Treatment options include:

• fluoride treatments. If decay is just beginning, fluoride treatment may help restore tooth enamel and can sometimes reverse decay in its very early stages. Specialty fluoride treatments contain more fluoride than tap water, toothpaste, and mouth rinses. Fluoride treatments may be in the form of a liquid, gel, foam or coating that is applied to your teeth with a brush or placed in a small container that fits over your teeth.

• padding. Fillings, also called dental restorations, are the main treatment option when decay has progressed beyond the initial stage. Fillings are made of different materials, such as tooth-colored composite resins, porcelain, or dental amalgam, which is a mixture of several materials.

• Dental crowns. For severe decay or weak teeth, you may need a crown — a specially fused cap that replaces a tooth's natural crown. Your dentist removes all of the decayed area far enough from the rest of the tooth to ensure a good fit. Crowns may be made of gold, very hard porcelain, resin, porcelain fused to metal or other materials.

• root canals. When the decay has reached the inner material of your tooth (the pulp), you may need a root canal. This is a treatment to repair and save a severely damaged or infected tooth rather than removing it. The affected tooth pulp is removed. Sometimes medicine is placed inside the root canal to treat any infection. Then the pulp is replaced with the filling.

• Tooth extraction. Sometimes some teeth become so deeply decayed that they cannot be restored and must be removed. An extracted tooth can create a gap that allows your other teeth to drift apart. If possible, you may consider getting a bridge or undergoing a dental implant to replace missing teeth.

Prepare for your appointment

If you feel any pain or sensitivity in the teeth, hurry to book an appointment with your doctor at the earliest. Here's some information to help you get ready for your appointment.

What can you do

Before you go to your appointment, make a list of:

All medications, vitamins, herbal remedies or other dietary supplements you're taking, and the dosages

Any drug allergies or bad reactions you have had to local anaesthetics

Questions to ask your dentist

Basic questions to ask your dentist might include:

• Do I have a simple cavity, or do I need a crown or root canal?
• How many visits do I need to treat this tooth?
• When will the pain go away?
• What can i take for this pain?
• How long do I have to wait before eating or drinking after this procedure?
• Are there other steps I can take to prevent cavities?
• Do local water sources contain added fluoride?

Are there any brochures or other printed materials that I can have? What websites do you recommend?

Don't hesitate to ask other questions during the visit.

What should you expect from the dentist?

The dentist may ask some questions. Be prepared to answer them so that you have plenty of time to cover the topics you want to focus on. Questions may include:

• Does the extreme temperature of food or candy cause pain?
• Does biting make the pain worse?
• How often do you brush your teeth?
• How often do you floss your teeth?
• Do you use fluoride toothpaste?
• Do you eat a lot of sweets or drink sugary or fizzy drinks?
• Have you noticed a dry mouth?
• What medications do you take?

What can you do in the meantime

While you're waiting for your appointment with the dentist, you can take some of these steps to manage your toothache. For example:

• Take an over-the-counter pain reliever if your doctor says it's right for you.
• Use an over-the-counter anesthetic specifically designed to relieve toothache.
• Use warm water when brushing your teeth.
• Use a toothpaste designed for sensitive teeth.
• Brush all parts of your mouth and teeth thoroughly — don't avoid sensitive areas.
• Avoid foods or drinks that are hot, cold, or sugary enough to cause pain.