the female hormone that induces changes in endometrium to prepare uterus for implantation of a fertilized ovum and maintenance of a pregnancy is called

the female hormone that induces changes in endometrium to prepare uterus for implantation of a fertilized ovum and maintenance of a pregnancy is called:
a- aldosterone.
b- testoterone.
c- progesterone.***
d- estrogen.***

Progesterone is a steroid hormone involved in the body's preparation for pregnancy.

Biosynthesis of progesterone:
Progesterone is a sex hormone, close to estrogen, synthesized by the corpus luteum of the ovaries or in the placenta, from pregnenolone, under the action of luteinizing hormone (LH). Its concentration changes during the menstrual cycle, increasing significantly after ovulation (on the fourteenth day of the cycle) and falling if no fertilization occurs.
The adrenals and testes also produce small amounts of progesterone. This molecule is also found in certain plants, for example in Hollatrhena floribunda.

Function of progesterone:
It prepares the uterine lining for the implantation of the egg, in case of fertilization, and ensures the absence of rhythmic contractions of the uterine muscles. It also inhibits new ovulations during pregnancy.
The synthesis of progesterone or some of its derivatives, which have the property of blocking ovulation (but also increasing the density of cervical mucus, a barrier to spermatozoa), allowed the American Gregory Pincus to develop the contraceptive pill (1953).

Structure of progesterone:
Progesterone has the chemical formula C21H30O2. It is a steroid hormone that derives from pregnenolone, itself derived from cholesterol.

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Estrogen is a natural hormone, secreted by the ovary, that ensures the formation, maintenance and functioning of the genitals and breasts in women.
Estrogen is a natural hormone, secreted by the ovary, that ensures the formation, maintenance and functioning of the genitals and breasts in women.
Menopause is a physiological phenomenon that can lead to so-called "climacteric" disorders, hot flushes, weight gain, vaginal disorders, mood disorders and also promote the development of osteoporosis.
The principle of hormonal treatment of menopause (THM), is to compensate for the estrogenic deficiency, involved in menopausal women, responsible for bone loss and functional disorders (hot flashes, dryness of the skin and mucous membranes, disorders of the skin and mucous membranes). mood, weight gain, etc.).
The intensity of the disorders being very variable from one woman to another, the decision to introduce a hormonal treatment of the menopause, is strictly individual, and must take into account at the same time the disorders felt and the risks incurred.
General estrogens can be given orally (estradiol), or transdermally, as a patch or gel. General percutaneous estrogen therapy, using natural 17-beta-estradiol, reproduces the effects of endogenous estrogens on their target organs; the percutaneous route avoids hepatic estrogen flooding of oral estrogen therapy, thus reducing their undesirable effects on coagulation factors and clot formation (thromboembolic risk), as well as on the metabolic plan.
Percutaneous estrogen therapy is preferable to oral estrogen, provided that it is combined with a non-androgenic progestin at least 12 days a month to prevent uterine cancer (endometrial) in women. having not undergone a hysterectomy.