Gondotropic hormone:
a- LH***
b- ADH
c- Estrogen.
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Gonadotropins:
Gonadotropins are hormones secreted by gonadotropic cells of the pituitary gland (pituitary gland) of vertebrates, which are involved in the function of the gonads (testicles and ovaries) and regulate different stages of reproduction.
Types of gonadotropins:
The two main gonadotropins are luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
Both hormones consist of two peptide chains (an alpha chain and a beta chain) linked by hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces.
LH and FSH share almost identical alpha chains, while the beta chain provides specificity for interactions with receptors.
A third human gonadotropin is human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), produced by the placenta during pregnancy.
Mechanism of action:
Gonadotropin receptors are integrated into the surface of the target cell membranes and coupled to the G-protein system. The signals activated by the union of the receptors are transmitted within the cell by the second messenger system of the cyclic AMP.
Gonadotropins are released under the control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the arched nucleus and the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. The gonads (the testicles and ovaries) are the main target organs of LH and FSH.
Gonadotropins affect many types of cells and get multiple responses from the target organs. LH stimulates the Leydig cells of the testes and the teak cells of the ovaries to produce testosterone (and indirectly estradiol), while FSH stimulates the spermatogenic tissue of the testicles and granular cells of the ovarian follicles.
Diseases due to gonadotropin:
Gonadotropin deficiency due to pituitary disease causes hypogonadism, which can lead to infertility. The treatment consists of administering gonadotropins, which can function as fertility medications. These drug gonadotropins can be obtained by extraction and purification from the urine or by recombinant DNA.
Failure or loss of the gonads usually results in increased levels of LH and FSH in the blood.
a- LH***
b- ADH
c- Estrogen.
----------------------------
Gonadotropins:
Gonadotropins are hormones secreted by gonadotropic cells of the pituitary gland (pituitary gland) of vertebrates, which are involved in the function of the gonads (testicles and ovaries) and regulate different stages of reproduction.
Types of gonadotropins:
The two main gonadotropins are luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
Both hormones consist of two peptide chains (an alpha chain and a beta chain) linked by hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces.
LH and FSH share almost identical alpha chains, while the beta chain provides specificity for interactions with receptors.
A third human gonadotropin is human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), produced by the placenta during pregnancy.
Mechanism of action:
Gonadotropin receptors are integrated into the surface of the target cell membranes and coupled to the G-protein system. The signals activated by the union of the receptors are transmitted within the cell by the second messenger system of the cyclic AMP.
Gonadotropins are released under the control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the arched nucleus and the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. The gonads (the testicles and ovaries) are the main target organs of LH and FSH.
Gonadotropins affect many types of cells and get multiple responses from the target organs. LH stimulates the Leydig cells of the testes and the teak cells of the ovaries to produce testosterone (and indirectly estradiol), while FSH stimulates the spermatogenic tissue of the testicles and granular cells of the ovarian follicles.
Diseases due to gonadotropin:
Gonadotropin deficiency due to pituitary disease causes hypogonadism, which can lead to infertility. The treatment consists of administering gonadotropins, which can function as fertility medications. These drug gonadotropins can be obtained by extraction and purification from the urine or by recombinant DNA.
Failure or loss of the gonads usually results in increased levels of LH and FSH in the blood.
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