Hypercementosis and ankylosis of the teeth is common feature of?
A- Cherubism
B- Osteomylitis
C- Paget’s disease of the bone***
D- Stager syndrome
E- Monocytic fibrous dysplasia
F- Hyperparathyroidism.
What is Paget's disease of bone?
Paget's disease is a chronic disease that can result in enlargement or deformation of the bones. The destruction and excessive regeneration that occur in bone tissue weakens the affected bone, resulting in pain, bone deformities and fractures, and arthritis in joints or joints near the affected bones. Paget's disease usually remains in a localized area and affects only one or more bones. This is the opposite of osteoporosis, which affects all the bones in the body.
Scientists do not know for sure what are the causes of Paget's disease. In some cases, the disease is genetic and several genes related to this disease have been identified. Even so, in most cases scientists suspect that certain environmental factors may play a role in this disease. For example, the possibility that some slow-acting viruses cause Paget's disease is being studied.
Who suffers from this disease?
This disease is more common in older people and those of northern European descent. There are studies that reveal that close relatives of someone with Paget's disease are seven times more likely to develop the disease than a person without an affected relative.
What are the symptoms?
Many patients do not know they have Paget's disease because they have no symptoms. Sometimes the symptoms can be confused with those of arthritis or other diseases. In other cases, the diagnosis occurs only when complications have occurred.
Symptoms that may occur include:
- Pain in any of the bones affected by this disease or as a result of arthritis, a complication that occurs in certain patients.
- Headache and deafness when the disease affects the skull.
- Pressure on the nerves when Paget's disease affects the skull or spine.
Increase in head size, limb arching or spine deviation in advanced cases.
- Hip pain when Paget's disease affects the pelvis or thigh bone (femur).
- Degeneration of cartilage in the joints which can cause arthritis.
Any bone can be affected by Paget's disease, but it occurs most often in the spine, pelvis, legs or skull. Usually, the symptoms progress slowly and the disease does not spread to other healthy bones.
How is it diagnosed?
Paget's disease is almost always diagnosed using x-rays, but it could be discovered in its initial stage by any of the following tests:
Laboratory analysis to measure the concentration of alkaline phosphatase in the blood. An elevated level of alkaline phosphatase in the blood may suggest the presence of Paget's disease.
Bone tomography. A bone scan is useful to determine how much the disease has spread and the degree of activity that exists.
If a blood test or a bone scan indicates the presence of Paget's disease, an X-ray of the affected bone should be done to confirm the diagnosis.
Receiving an early diagnosis and treatment on time is important to minimize complications.
What is the forecast?
Generalmente, el pronóstico es bueno para las personas diagnosticadas con la enfermadad de Paget, especialmente si el tratamiento se administra antes de que ocurran cambios graves en los huesos afectados. El tratamiento puede disminuir los síntomas, pero no hay una cura para la enfermedad.
What other diseases could arise?
Paget's disease can cause other medical conditions, such as:
- Arthritis Long leg bones can arch, which alters alignment and increases pressure on nearby joints. In addition, paghetic bone can increase in size and cause excessive wear on joint surfaces. In these cases, pain may be the result of the combination of Paget's disease and osteoarthritis.
- Hearing loss. Hearing loss in one or both ears can occur when Paget's disease affects the skull and bone surrounding the inner ear. Treatment for Paget's disease can reduce or stop hearing loss. Hearing aids or other devices can also help.
- Heart diseases. In severe cases of Paget's disease, the heart works harder to get blood to the affected bones. This, however, does not usually cause heart failure, except in some people who also have atherosclerosis.
- Kidney stones (kidney stones). Kidney stones occur more frequently in people who have Paget's disease.
- Nervous system problems. Paghetic bone can cause pressure on the brain, spinal cord or nerves and reduce blood flow to the brain and spinal cord.
- Osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma). Rarely, Paget's disease is related to the development of a malignant bone tumor. When pain appears or worsens suddenly, the presence of sarcoma should be considered.
- Loose teeth. When Paget's disease affects the bones of the face, the teeth may become loose. This can make it more difficult to chew.
- Loss of vision. Rarely, when the disease is present in the skull, it can affect the optic nerve and cause some vision loss.
Paget's disease is not associated with osteoporosis. Although Paget's disease and osteoporosis can occur in the same person, they are two completely different diseases. Despite the marked differences between the two diseases, several medications used to treat Paget's disease are also used to treat osteoporosis.
What kind of doctor treats this disease?
Generally, the following medical specialists know how to treat Paget's disease:
- Endocrinologists. Doctors specialized in diseases that affect hormones and metabolism.
- Rheumatologists. Doctors specialized in diseases of the joints or joints and muscles.
- Other specialists. For the evaluation of certain symptoms, orthopedic surgeons, neurologists and otolaryngologists (doctors specializing in diseases of the ear, nose and throat) can be consulted.
A- Cherubism
B- Osteomylitis
C- Paget’s disease of the bone***
D- Stager syndrome
E- Monocytic fibrous dysplasia
F- Hyperparathyroidism.
What is Paget's disease of bone?
Paget's disease is a chronic disease that can result in enlargement or deformation of the bones. The destruction and excessive regeneration that occur in bone tissue weakens the affected bone, resulting in pain, bone deformities and fractures, and arthritis in joints or joints near the affected bones. Paget's disease usually remains in a localized area and affects only one or more bones. This is the opposite of osteoporosis, which affects all the bones in the body.
Scientists do not know for sure what are the causes of Paget's disease. In some cases, the disease is genetic and several genes related to this disease have been identified. Even so, in most cases scientists suspect that certain environmental factors may play a role in this disease. For example, the possibility that some slow-acting viruses cause Paget's disease is being studied.
Who suffers from this disease?
This disease is more common in older people and those of northern European descent. There are studies that reveal that close relatives of someone with Paget's disease are seven times more likely to develop the disease than a person without an affected relative.
What are the symptoms?
Many patients do not know they have Paget's disease because they have no symptoms. Sometimes the symptoms can be confused with those of arthritis or other diseases. In other cases, the diagnosis occurs only when complications have occurred.
Symptoms that may occur include:
- Pain in any of the bones affected by this disease or as a result of arthritis, a complication that occurs in certain patients.
- Headache and deafness when the disease affects the skull.
- Pressure on the nerves when Paget's disease affects the skull or spine.
Increase in head size, limb arching or spine deviation in advanced cases.
- Hip pain when Paget's disease affects the pelvis or thigh bone (femur).
- Degeneration of cartilage in the joints which can cause arthritis.
Any bone can be affected by Paget's disease, but it occurs most often in the spine, pelvis, legs or skull. Usually, the symptoms progress slowly and the disease does not spread to other healthy bones.
How is it diagnosed?
Paget's disease is almost always diagnosed using x-rays, but it could be discovered in its initial stage by any of the following tests:
Laboratory analysis to measure the concentration of alkaline phosphatase in the blood. An elevated level of alkaline phosphatase in the blood may suggest the presence of Paget's disease.
Bone tomography. A bone scan is useful to determine how much the disease has spread and the degree of activity that exists.
If a blood test or a bone scan indicates the presence of Paget's disease, an X-ray of the affected bone should be done to confirm the diagnosis.
Receiving an early diagnosis and treatment on time is important to minimize complications.
What is the forecast?
Generalmente, el pronóstico es bueno para las personas diagnosticadas con la enfermadad de Paget, especialmente si el tratamiento se administra antes de que ocurran cambios graves en los huesos afectados. El tratamiento puede disminuir los síntomas, pero no hay una cura para la enfermedad.
What other diseases could arise?
Paget's disease can cause other medical conditions, such as:
- Arthritis Long leg bones can arch, which alters alignment and increases pressure on nearby joints. In addition, paghetic bone can increase in size and cause excessive wear on joint surfaces. In these cases, pain may be the result of the combination of Paget's disease and osteoarthritis.
- Hearing loss. Hearing loss in one or both ears can occur when Paget's disease affects the skull and bone surrounding the inner ear. Treatment for Paget's disease can reduce or stop hearing loss. Hearing aids or other devices can also help.
- Heart diseases. In severe cases of Paget's disease, the heart works harder to get blood to the affected bones. This, however, does not usually cause heart failure, except in some people who also have atherosclerosis.
- Kidney stones (kidney stones). Kidney stones occur more frequently in people who have Paget's disease.
- Nervous system problems. Paghetic bone can cause pressure on the brain, spinal cord or nerves and reduce blood flow to the brain and spinal cord.
- Osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma). Rarely, Paget's disease is related to the development of a malignant bone tumor. When pain appears or worsens suddenly, the presence of sarcoma should be considered.
- Loose teeth. When Paget's disease affects the bones of the face, the teeth may become loose. This can make it more difficult to chew.
- Loss of vision. Rarely, when the disease is present in the skull, it can affect the optic nerve and cause some vision loss.
Paget's disease is not associated with osteoporosis. Although Paget's disease and osteoporosis can occur in the same person, they are two completely different diseases. Despite the marked differences between the two diseases, several medications used to treat Paget's disease are also used to treat osteoporosis.
What kind of doctor treats this disease?
Generally, the following medical specialists know how to treat Paget's disease:
- Endocrinologists. Doctors specialized in diseases that affect hormones and metabolism.
- Rheumatologists. Doctors specialized in diseases of the joints or joints and muscles.
- Other specialists. For the evaluation of certain symptoms, orthopedic surgeons, neurologists and otolaryngologists (doctors specializing in diseases of the ear, nose and throat) can be consulted.
Which is the treatment?
Pharmacotherapy. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several medications to treat Paget's disease. Medications are used to control the destruction and excessive regeneration of bones. The purpose of treatment is to relieve bone pain and prevent disease progression. All patients with Paget's disease should consult with their doctor about which medication is most appropriate for their case. It is also very important to get the right amount of calcium and vitamin D through diet or supplements, according to the doctor's instructions, except for patients with kidney stones.
Bisphosphonates are a class of medications used to treat various bone diseases. There are currently several bisphosphonates available in the market to treat Paget's disease. Calcitonin is a natural hormone produced by the thyroid gland and may be appropriate for the treatment of some patients.
Surgery. Before surgery, medical therapy is offered to help reduce bleeding and complications. Patients who are going to have surgery should talk to their doctor about preoperative treatment. Surgery may be recommended when the following three types of fundamental complications arise in Paget's disease:
- Fractures. Surgery can help fractures heal in a better position.
- Severe degenerative arthritis. Hip or knee replacement can be considered when disability is severe and medications and physiotherapy no longer offer the necessary help.
- Bone deformity. An osteotomy (cutting and realigning the bones affected by Paget's disease) can help reduce pain in the joints that carry weight, especially in the knees.
Complications that arise as a result of the increase in the size of the skull or spine can injure the nervous system. However, most neurological symptoms, even those that are moderately severe, can be treated with medications and do not require neurosurgical intervention.
Diet and exercise: There is no special diet to prevent or relieve Paget's disease. However, according to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences, women over 50 and men over 70 should take 1200 mg (milligrams) of calcium, and at least 600 International Units (IU) daily of vitamin D to maintain a healthy skeleton. People over 70 should increase their vitamin D intake to 800 IU. Patients with a history of stones or kidney stones should talk to their doctor about calcium and vitamin D intake.
Exercise is very important to maintain skeletal health, avoid weight gain and maintain joint mobility. Patients should talk to their doctor about any exercise regimen before starting it, to avoid any excessive stress on the affected bones.
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